An Arctic Ocean sea surface observing network for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), acidity, and dissolved oxygen (DO)

北冰洋海面二氧化碳分压 (pCO2)、酸度和溶解氧 (DO) 观测网络

• 批准号: 1951294
• 负责人: Michael DeGrandpre
• 金额: $ 89.04万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1951294&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Arctic; Ocean; sea; surface; observing

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a harmful biproduct of human activities because of its role in global warming and ocean acidification. For this reason, it is important to understand what happens to CO2 after it is emitted into the atmosphere – does it stay in the atmosphere or is some of it taken up by the oceans or land? The complex group of processes that control CO2 in the environment is called the carbon cycle. The Arctic Ocean is a region where the carbon cycle is not very well understood. Sea surface warming and loss of sea ice are rapidly changing the Arctic Ocean but it is unclear how these changes affect the carbon cycle and ocean acidification (the decrease in ocean pH due to the formation of carbonic acid when CO2 dissolves in water). Scientists need more information to understand these changes but research accessibility in the Arctic is limited. It is a harsh environment, dark, and very cold for much of the year and where icebreakers are typically required to do ocean measurements. Hence, most Arctic Ocean studies are made only during the summer period when work conditions are feasible. This project overcomes these limitations by deploying autonomous sensors on moorings and drifters. Three moorings will be placed in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean with CO2, pH and other sensors. Drifters will also be deployed with CO2 sensors suspended below the ice. These sensors will provide valuable data throughout the year for understanding the carbon cycle and how it is changing. The project will also make all these data available to the research community and other stakeholders. The specific goal of the study is to continue to operate an Arctic Observing Network (AON) for the measurement of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), pH, and dissolved O2 (DO) focused on the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean (specifically, the Canada Basin). The grant will support participation in the Beaufort Gyre Observing System (BGOS) project that includes annual cruises on the Canadian icebreaker, the CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent. Along with three more years of shipboard pCO2 data (2020-2022), this AON effort will collect up to a fifteen year-long mooring based time-series of pCO2, pH and DO data, and six ~year-long times-series of pCO2 and DO data on Ice-Tethered Profilers (ITPs). These high temporal resolution, long-term measurements will be used to quantify air-sea CO2 fluxes, the rate of ocean acidification, and to understand to what extent changing seasonal ice formation regulates sea surface pCO2. These data will also be used to improve coupled physical-biogeochemical models of the Arctic Ocean. Other researchers will have access to these data through the National Science Foundation Arctic Data Center and international SOCAT data repository.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

由于其在全球变暖和海洋酸化中的作用，二氧化碳（CO2）是人类活动的有害双产物。因此，了解二氧化碳排放到大气中后发生了什么是很重要的——它是留在大气中，还是有一部分被海洋或陆地吸收了？控制环境中二氧化碳的一组复杂过程被称为碳循环。北冰洋是一个碳循环不是很清楚的地区。海面变暖和海冰消失正在迅速改变北冰洋，但尚不清楚这些变化如何影响碳循环和海洋酸化（二氧化碳溶解在水中形成的碳酸导致海洋pH值下降）。科学家们需要更多的信息来了解这些变化，但在北极进行研究的机会有限。这是一个恶劣的环境，黑暗，一年中的大部分时间都非常寒冷，通常需要破冰船在这里进行海洋测量。因此，大多数北冰洋研究只在工作条件可行的夏季进行。该项目通过在系泊和漂浮物上部署自主传感器来克服这些限制。将在北冰洋的加拿大盆地放置三个系泊点，安装二氧化碳、pH值和其他传感器。漂流者还将在冰下安装二氧化碳传感器。这些传感器将在一年中为了解碳循环及其变化提供有价值的数据。该项目还将向研究界和其他利益相关者提供所有这些数据。该研究的具体目标是继续运行北极观测网络（AON），以测量集中在北冰洋（特别是加拿大盆地）表层水域的二氧化碳分压（pCO2）、pH值和溶解O2 （DO）。这笔拨款将用于支持参与波弗特环流观测系统（BGOS）项目，该项目包括加拿大破冰船CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent的年度巡航。加上3年以上的船上pCO2数据（2020-2022），这项AON工作将收集长达15年的系泊pCO2、pH和DO时间序列数据，以及6年的冰系缚剖面仪（ITPs）的pCO2和DO时间序列数据。这些高时间分辨率的长期测量将用于量化空气-海洋二氧化碳通量、海洋酸化速率，并了解季节性冰形成变化在多大程度上调节海面二氧化碳分压。这些数据还将用于改进北冰洋的物理-生物地球化学耦合模型。其他研究人员可以通过美国国家科学基金会北极数据中心和国际SOCAT数据存储库访问这些数据。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Ice-Tethered Profiler Biogeochemical Time-Series Data, Arctic Ocean, 2012-2021

冰系剖面仪生物地球化学时间序列数据，北冰洋，2012-2021 年

• DOI: 10.18739/a2b853k2r
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: NSF Arctic Data Center
• 作者: DeGrandpre, Michael

Increasing hypoxia on global coral reefs under ocean warming

• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01619-2
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Nature Climate Change
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: A. K. Pezner;T. Courtney;H. Barkley;W. Chou;H. Chu;Samantha M. Clements;Tyler J. Cyronak;M. DeGrandpre;S. Kekuewa;D. Kline;Yi-Bei Liang;T. Martz;S. Mitarai;Heather N. Page;M. S. Rintoul;J. Smith;K. Soong;Y. Takeshita;M. Tresguerres;Yi Wei;K. Yates;A. Andersson

Beaufort Gyre Observing System (BGOS) Underway Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) data and air-sea CO2 fluxes, Arctic Ocean, 2011-2021

波弗特环流观测系统 (BGOS) 正在进行 二氧化碳分压 (pCO2) 数据和海气 CO2 通量，北冰洋，2011-2021 年

• DOI: 10.18739/a26h4cr80
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: NSF Arctic Data Center
• 作者: DeGrandpre, Michael

Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2022 (SOCATv2022) (NCEI Accession 0253659)

表层海洋 CO2 图集数据库版本 2022 (SOCATv2022)（NCEI 登记号 0253659）

• DOI: 10.25921/1h9f-nb73
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
• 作者: Bakker, Dorothee C.;Alin, Simone R.;Becker, Meike;Bittig, Henry C.;Castaño-Primo, Rocío;Feely, Richard A.;Gkritzalis, Thanos;Kadono, Koji;Kozyr, Alex;Lauvset, Siv K.
• 通讯作者: Lauvset, Siv K.

Beaufort Gyre Observing System (BGOS) Mooring in situ carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and pH time-series, Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, 2016-2017

波弗特环流观测系统 (BGOS) 系泊原位二氧化碳分压 (pCO2) 和 pH 时间序列，北冰洋波弗特海，2016-2017 年

• DOI: 10.18739/a29c6s13f
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Arctic Data Center
• 作者: of, University Montana