An Arctic Ocean sea surface observing network for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), acidity, and dissolved oxygen (DO)

北冰洋海面二氧化碳分压 (pCO2)、酸度和溶解氧 (DO) 观测网络

• 批准号: 1951294
• 负责人: Michael DeGrandpre
• 金额: $ 89.04万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1951294&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Arctic; Ocean; sea; surface; observing

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a harmful biproduct of human activities because of its role in global warming and ocean acidification. For this reason, it is important to understand what happens to CO2 after it is emitted into the atmosphere – does it stay in the atmosphere or is some of it taken up by the oceans or land? The complex group of processes that control CO2 in the environment is called the carbon cycle. The Arctic Ocean is a region where the carbon cycle is not very well understood. Sea surface warming and loss of sea ice are rapidly changing the Arctic Ocean but it is unclear how these changes affect the carbon cycle and ocean acidification (the decrease in ocean pH due to the formation of carbonic acid when CO2 dissolves in water). Scientists need more information to understand these changes but research accessibility in the Arctic is limited. It is a harsh environment, dark, and very cold for much of the year and where icebreakers are typically required to do ocean measurements. Hence, most Arctic Ocean studies are made only during the summer period when work conditions are feasible. This project overcomes these limitations by deploying autonomous sensors on moorings and drifters. Three moorings will be placed in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean with CO2, pH and other sensors. Drifters will also be deployed with CO2 sensors suspended below the ice. These sensors will provide valuable data throughout the year for understanding the carbon cycle and how it is changing. The project will also make all these data available to the research community and other stakeholders. The specific goal of the study is to continue to operate an Arctic Observing Network (AON) for the measurement of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), pH, and dissolved O2 (DO) focused on the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean (specifically, the Canada Basin). The grant will support participation in the Beaufort Gyre Observing System (BGOS) project that includes annual cruises on the Canadian icebreaker, the CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent. Along with three more years of shipboard pCO2 data (2020-2022), this AON effort will collect up to a fifteen year-long mooring based time-series of pCO2, pH and DO data, and six ~year-long times-series of pCO2 and DO data on Ice-Tethered Profilers (ITPs). These high temporal resolution, long-term measurements will be used to quantify air-sea CO2 fluxes, the rate of ocean acidification, and to understand to what extent changing seasonal ice formation regulates sea surface pCO2. These data will also be used to improve coupled physical-biogeochemical models of the Arctic Ocean. Other researchers will have access to these data through the National Science Foundation Arctic Data Center and international SOCAT data repository.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

二氧化碳（二氧化碳）是人类活动的有害双核，因为它在全球变暖和海洋酸化中的作用。因此，重要的是要了解二氧化碳发射到大气中后会发生什么 - 它是否留在大气中，还是其中一些是由海洋或土地占用的？控制环境中控制二氧化碳的复杂过程称为碳循环。北极海洋是碳循环不太了解的区域。海面变暖和海冰丧失正在迅速改变北极海洋，但尚不清楚这些变化如何影响碳循环和海洋酸化（由于二氧化碳溶解在水中时碳酸形成而导致海洋pH值减少）。科学家需要更多信息来了解这些变化，但是北极的研究可访问性是有限的。这是一个严峻的环境，一年中的大部分时间都非常寒冷，通常需要破冰船进行海洋测量。因此，大多数北极海洋研究仅在工作条件可行的夏季进行。该项目通过在系泊设备和演练器上部署自动传感器来克服这些限制。带有二氧化碳，pH和其他传感器的加拿大海洋加拿大盆地将放置三个系泊设备。漂流器还将部署，悬挂在冰下的二氧化碳传感器。这些传感器将全年提供有价值的数据，以了解碳循环及其如何变化。该项目还将使所有这些数据可用于研究社区和其他利益相关者。该研究的具体目标是继续操作北极观测网络（AON），以测量二氧化碳（PCO2），pH和溶解的O2（do）（do）（do）（do）（do）（do）（do）（do）（do）（do）（特别是加拿大盆地）。该赠款将支持参与Beaufort Gyre观察系统（BGO）项目，其中包括加拿大破冰船CCGS Louis S. S. St-Laurent的年度巡游。除了另外三年的PCO2数据（2020-2022）之外，这项AON的努力将收集到PCO2，pH和DO数据的基于长达15年的系泊时间序列，以及PCO2的六个〜年度的六个次数，并在Ice Tindethered Profilers（ITP）上进行数据。这些高临时分辨率，长期测量将用于量化空气二氧化碳通量，海洋酸化速率，并了解改变季节性冰形成的程度可以调节海面PCO2。这些数据还将用于改善北极海洋耦合的生物地球化学模型。其他研究人员将通过国家科学基金会北极数据中心和国际SOCAT数据存储库来访问这些数据。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准，被认为是通过评估来获得的支持。

项目成果

Ice-Tethered Profiler Biogeochemical Time-Series Data, Arctic Ocean, 2012-2021

冰系剖面仪生物地球化学时间序列数据，北冰洋，2012-2021 年

• DOI: 10.18739/a2b853k2r
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: NSF Arctic Data Center
• 作者: DeGrandpre, Michael

Increasing hypoxia on global coral reefs under ocean warming

• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01619-2
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Nature Climate Change
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: A. K. Pezner;T. Courtney;H. Barkley;W. Chou;H. Chu;Samantha M. Clements;Tyler J. Cyronak;M. DeGrandpre;S. Kekuewa;D. Kline;Yi-Bei Liang;T. Martz;S. Mitarai;Heather N. Page;M. S. Rintoul;J. Smith;K. Soong;Y. Takeshita;M. Tresguerres;Yi Wei;K. Yates;A. Andersson

Beaufort Gyre Observing System (BGOS) Underway Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) data and air-sea CO2 fluxes, Arctic Ocean, 2011-2021

波弗特环流观测系统 (BGOS) 正在进行 二氧化碳分压 (pCO2) 数据和海气 CO2 通量，北冰洋，2011-2021 年

• DOI: 10.18739/a26h4cr80
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: NSF Arctic Data Center
• 作者: DeGrandpre, Michael

Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Database Version 2022 (SOCATv2022) (NCEI Accession 0253659)

表层海洋 CO2 图集数据库版本 2022 (SOCATv2022)（NCEI 登记号 0253659）

• DOI: 10.25921/1h9f-nb73
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
• 作者: Bakker, Dorothee C.;Alin, Simone R.;Becker, Meike;Bittig, Henry C.;Castaño-Primo, Rocío;Feely, Richard A.;Gkritzalis, Thanos;Kadono, Koji;Kozyr, Alex;Lauvset, Siv K.
• 通讯作者: Lauvset, Siv K.

Beaufort Gyre Observing System (BGOS) Mooring in situ carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and pH time-series, Beaufort Sea, Arctic Ocean, 2016-2017

波弗特环流观测系统 (BGOS) 系泊原位二氧化碳分压 (pCO2) 和 pH 时间序列，北冰洋波弗特海，2016-2017 年

• DOI: 10.18739/a29c6s13f
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Arctic Data Center
• 作者: of, University Montana