"Emissions, fate, exposure and management of chemical contaminants indoors, outdoors and globally."

“室内、室外和全球化学污染物的排放、归宿、暴露和管理。”

• 批准号: 124042-2012
• 负责人: Diamond, Miriam
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=545433
• 关键词: Emissions; fate; exposure; management; chemical

Toxic chemicals invoke fear amongst the public due to increasing evidence of health problems caused by exposures to these compounds. The government has responded by supporting chemical management initiatives in Canada and internationally. More immediately, the public is eager to learn how to minimize their exposure. This proposal aims to contribute scientific and engineering knowledge and methods to better understand and quantify sources, emissions and environmental fate of toxic semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) indoors and outdoors in our cities. We spend 22 of 24 hours indoors where we are exposed to elevated concentrations of SVOCs in air and dust and over 80% of Canadians live in cities that are regional "hot spots" of many SVOCs. The results from this research will benefit Canadians by providing guidance on minimizing human and ecosystem exposure through public health advice and improving chemical management policies. The proposal has four components. First, we plan to experimentally study SVOC sources (such as products), emissions and fate indoors and use this information in our Multimedia Indoor Model. Experimentation will look at the sponge-like capacity of polyurethane foam (PUF) furniture to take up SVOCs with and without PUF compressions (aka bouncing on the furniture). Several well characterized rooms will be quantified for their SVOC emissions and fate. Second, we will study the effect of clothing on SVOC absorption across skin. We will test our "Leisure suit" hypothesis which postulates that synthetic fabrics (e.g., a Leisure suit) increase exposure to SVOCs relative to nature fibres. Results from these experiments and exposure measurements will be used to model human exposure. 3. Indoor SVOCs ultimately end up outdoors where air concentrations are up to 10 times higher in urban than rural locations. We will measure outdoor SVOC concentrations and estimate emissions as a function of products indoors using our Multimedia Urban Model. Fourth, we ask if we need a planetary boundary for chemical pollution as proposed by Rockström et al. (2009) and if so, how will the boundary be defined.

有毒化学品引起公众的恐惧，因为越来越多的证据表明，接触这些化合物会引起健康问题。政府的回应是支持加拿大和国际上的化学品管理倡议。 更直接的是，公众渴望了解如何最大限度地减少他们的暴露。该提案旨在提供科学和工程知识和方法，以更好地了解和量化我们城市室内和室外有毒半挥发性有机化合物（SVOCs）的来源，排放和环境命运。 我们24小时中有22小时在室内，暴露在空气和灰尘中SVOCs浓度升高的环境中，超过80%的加拿大人生活在许多SVOCs的区域“热点”城市。这项研究的结果将使加拿大人受益，通过公共卫生咨询和改善化学品管理政策，为尽量减少人类和生态系统的接触提供指导。 该提案有四个组成部分。 首先，我们计划通过实验研究SVOC的来源（如产品），排放和室内的命运，并在我们的多媒体室内模型中使用这些信息。 实验将研究聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）家具在有和没有PUF压缩的情况下吸收SVOC的海绵样能力（也称为在家具上弹跳）。 将量化几个表征良好的房间的SVOC排放量和归宿。 其次，我们将研究服装对皮肤吸收SVOC的影响。 我们将测试我们的“休闲服”假设，该假设假定合成纤维织物（例如，休闲服）相对于天然纤维增加了对SVOC的暴露。 这些实验和暴露测量的结果将用于模拟人体暴露。 3.室内SVOCs最终会进入室外，城市的空气浓度比农村高出10倍。 我们将测量室外SVOC浓度，并使用我们的多媒体城市模型估算室内产品的排放量。 第四，我们要问的是，我们是否需要像Rockström等人（2009年）提出的那样，为化学污染设定一个全球边界，如果需要的话，该边界将如何界定。