Multi-sensors Systems for Ubiquitous Personal Navigation

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Navigation technologies are expanding at a phenomenal rate, especially within the civil community, with devices such as vehicle and personal navigators becoming commonplace within our everyday lives. While vehicle and airborne navigation is a well-established service, personal navigation system (PNS) through smart phones has just started to gain momentum fuelled by the application marketplace proliferation, hardware evolution, and consumer adoption. PNS enables mobile location based services (LBS) which become pervasive and are embedded in many applications such as social networking, resource tracking and positioning people . Global Positioning System (GPS) based navigation devices are the dominant solution for these applications. However, GPS signals are not always available and this poses a great deal of challenge for GPS signal-denied environments such as dense urban canyons, under tree canopy and deep indoors.