Reducing risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders through optimizing workplace design

通过优化工作场所设计降低与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病的风险

• 批准号: 238240-2011
• 负责人: Moore, Anne
• 金额: $ 1.38万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=546926
• 关键词: Reducing; risk; work; related; musculoskeletal

Work related musculoskeletal disorders continue to be a source of economic and social burden in industry. This is balanced against the continual need for productivity and quality gains. These need not be competing interests. With increased understanding of the interaction of the biomechanical and physiological loads on the worker and the properties of the job, optimizations are possible that will benefit both interests, allowing for a safer and more productive workplace, reduced economic costs associated with compensation, both direct and indirect (e.g. training, lost productivity etc.) and increasing ability to design out injuries before they happen. The objective of this research program is to reduce the burden of work related musculoskeletal disorders through improved understanding of the relationship between engineering measures of task (e.g. cycle times, duty cycle, forces required, workstation layout) and the internal loads on the body. Repetitive or continuous stimulation of the same muscle fibres may result in muscle injury due to localized muscle fatigue. Studies have found reduced prevalence of musculoskeletal pain with adequate muscle rest. Continuing research in our laboratory has shown that only a portion of available rest in a repetitive manual task is utilized by muscle and other task factors such as force, posture, accuracy and direction of joint movement affect the utilization. Current workplace risk assessment techniques do not capture this complex interaction and no proactive techniques are available for incorporation into the workstation design process. Of unique interest we have found evidence of differential muscle fatigue in different forearm postures (pronation/supination). Forearm rotation requires a complex change in the lines of action of the forearm musculature as it passes through the wrist. While it is known that "wrist twist" is a risk factor for Work-Related Musculoskeletal disorders, a more objective approach is required to capture the complex effects of forearm rotation and incorporate them into the design process. A better understanding of how these risk factors interact will allow us to create tools to optimize work design, decreasing the risk of injury while optimizing the productivity.

与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病仍然是工业经济和社会负担的一个来源。 这与对生产力和质量提高的持续需求相平衡。 这些不一定是相互竞争的利益。 随着对工人生物力学和生理负荷之间的相互作用以及工作性质的更多了解，可以进行优化，这将有利于双方利益，从而实现更安全、更高效的工作场所，降低与直接和间接补偿（例如培训、生产力损失等）相关的经济成本，并提高在伤害发生之前设计预防伤害的能力。 该研究计划的目标是通过更好地了解任务的工程测量（例如周期时间、工作周期、所需的力、工作站布局）与身体内部负荷之间的关系，减轻与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病的负担。重复或连续刺激相同的肌纤维可能会因局部肌肉疲劳而导致肌肉损伤。研究发现，充分的肌肉休息可以降低肌肉骨骼疼痛的发生率。我们实验室的持续研究表明，在重复性体力任务中，只有一部分可用休息时间被肌肉利用，其他任务因素（例如力量、姿势、关节运动的准确性和方向）会影响利用率。当前的工作场所风险评估技术无法捕捉到这种复杂的交互作用，并且没有主动技术可用于纳入工作站设计过程。令人感兴趣的是，我们发现了不同前臂姿势（旋前/旋后）下不同肌肉疲劳的证据。前臂旋转需要前臂肌肉组织的动作线在穿过手腕时发生复杂的变化。虽然众所周知“手腕扭转”是与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病的危险因素，但需要更客观的方法来捕获前臂旋转的复杂影响并将其纳入设计过程。 更好地了解这些风险因素如何相互作用将使我们能够创建优化工作设计的工具，降低受伤风险，同时优化生产力。