Application of nonlocal continuum mechanics in modeling of carbon nanotubes and graphenes

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Claimed to be "wonder material", graphene is a super-strong and transparent form of carbon with one atom thickness which can be used in solar panels and lightweight composites. A carbon nanotube is a cylinder made of graphene. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphenes have been discovered to hold great potential for countless technology innovations and applications, such as extremely lightweight and strong fabrics, chemical sensors, electrical sensors, fuel cells, and drug delivery. Unfortunately, their prompt and wide applications are hindered by insufficient understanding of their mechanical behaviour due to limitations of two major traditional approaches for graphene and CNTs modelling: atomistic modelling such as classical molecular dynamics which is usually limited to small scale calculations and local continuum mechanics which have limited applicability due to the fact that at small size the lattice spacing between individual atoms becomes increasingly important and the theory cannot account for the scale effect.