High frequency, non-gaussian current fluctuations in mesocopic conductors / Fluctuations de courant non-gaussiennes et à haute fréquence dans les conducteurs mésosocopiques

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Progress of the industry of micro-electronics have made possible the fabrication of components of submicron size. At that scale, the laws obeyed by the electrical current differ from the usual ones, valid in the macroscopic world. Many experiments have been performed to measure the average current in such structures, in particular at very low temperature, where unusual behavior of electricity is more visible. More subtle, but much more difficult are the measurements of the fluctuations of the current, usually nicknamed "noise". Measurements of noise in circuits are only at their beginning, but they may offer precious information on the conduction mechanisms in nanostructures. This program aims at strengthen our knowledge of current fluctuations in three directions: