Contributions to Building Smoke Management

对建筑烟雾管理的贡献

• 批准号: 402848-2012
• 负责人: Wang, Liangzhu
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=551017
• 关键词: Contributions; Building; Smoke; Management

The average annual fire incidents in Canada were around 60,000 with over 3,300 injuries and deaths, and a 1.2 billion dollar loss. Inhalation of smoke or toxic gases, rather than fire burns, is considered the major cause of fatality in building fires. It is of great importance to determine smoke movement and design a reliable smoke management system to prevent smoke from blocking evacuation route during a fire, especially for high-rise buildings and buildings with large spaces, where there is a higher risk that occupants will be exposed to smoke. Computer models are indispensable tools for high-rise building smoke management and three types of computer models are available at varying accuracy and computational cost: network, zone, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. Presently, none of these models used individually can satisfactorily perform a fast whole-building analysis and simultaneously provide required accuracy and detailed spatial information for large or near-fire spaces. Therefore, this research aims to develop a public-domain integrated computer model, which integrates a network and a CFD fire model, to greatly improve whole-building analyses of smoke movement. The integrated model will use the CFD for spaces where detailed design information is required, and the network model for the rest of a building for fast computation. This study will add an energy equation solver to suit the network model to the simulations of fire smoke transport. A best integration strategy will be identified to resolve the temporal inconsistency of the two models. The integrated model will be validated against the existent full-scale data in the literature and by the laboratory experiments at a sub-scale test facility, and further applied to actual high-rise and skyscraper buildings. The research will also result in a better understanding of the physics of building smoke propagation and insights into the performance of smoke control systems. The research will contribute to designing safer buildings, reducing life and property losses, and training of HQP for their future roles in building smoke management and fire protection in Canada.

加拿大平均每年发生的火灾事故约为6万起，伤亡人数超过3300人，损失12亿美元。吸入烟雾或有毒气体，而不是火灾烧伤，被认为是建筑火灾中死亡的主要原因。确定火灾时烟气的运动状态，设计可靠的烟气管理系统，对于防止火灾时烟气堵塞疏散路径具有重要意义，特别是对于高层建筑和空间较大的建筑物，人员暴露在烟雾中的风险较高。计算机模型是高层建筑烟雾管理不可缺少的工具，有三种类型的计算机模型可供选择，它们的精度和计算成本不同：网络模型、区域模型和计算流体动力学(CFD)模型。目前，这些单独使用的模型都不能令人满意地执行快速的整体建筑分析，同时为大型或接近火灾的空间提供所需的精度和详细的空间信息。因此，本研究旨在开发一个公共领域的集成计算机模型，将网络和CFD火灾模型相结合，以极大地提高对整个建筑的烟雾运动分析。集成模型将CFD用于需要详细设计信息的空间，并将网络模型用于建筑物的其余部分以进行快速计算。这项研究将增加一个能量方程求解器，以适应网络模型对火灾烟雾传输的模拟。将确定一种最佳整合战略，以解决两种模式的时间不一致问题。综合模型将根据已有文献中已有的足尺数据和在小型试验设施上的实验室试验进行验证，并进一步应用于实际的高层和摩天大楼建筑。这项研究还将使人们更好地理解建筑烟雾传播的物理学，并深入了解烟雾控制系统的性能。这项研究将有助于设计更安全的建筑，减少生命和财产损失，并为HQP未来在加拿大建筑烟雾管理和消防中的角色提供培训。