Biodiversity shifts and freshwater ecosystem dynamics

生物多样性变化和淡水生态系统动态

• 批准号: 421439-2012
• 负责人: Moore, Jonathan
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=551763
• 关键词: Biodiversity; shifts; freshwater; ecosystem; dynamics

Biodiversity represents the quantity, variety, and distribution of life across hierarchical scales from genes, populations, species, and communities. Anthropogenic degradation is rapidly and non-randomly changing these different elements of biodiversity-sensitive native species and populations are going extinct, aggressive nonnative species are invading. How do these shifts in biodiversity impact ecosystem function and stability? While previous research has focused on random loss of species richness, I seek to quantify how different elements of biodiversity are shifting given anthropogenic change and to illuminate the consequences of that biodiversity shift. Utilizing studies of stream ecosystems, my research program will focus on two short-term projects. First, how does anthropogenic change drive community change via species (extinction) and gain (invasion) and what are the ecosystem consequences of that diversity shift? Through a multi-pronged approach that involves analysis of major databases on stream fish and invertebrates, field comparative studies of streams across a gradient of urbanization, and experimental exclusions of native and non-native species, my students and I will quantify the resilience of ecosystems to habitat and community change. Second, how do different types of diversity, biological richness and biological variety, contribute to portfolio effects? The portfolio effect posits that biological diversity can increase the stability of the whole system through averaging asynchronous dynamics. I will focus on two portfolios of diversity: resident fish consumers and their portfolios of prey and salmon meta-populations. I will develop general theory, perform field experiments, and use meta-population simulations of salmon and their ecosystems in the Skeena River watershed, BC. These approaches will quantify how biological variety and richness contribute to stability. Together, these projects will inform management and conservation of BC fresh waters and their biodiversity. This research will also provide valuable training for highly qualified personnel so that they can meld quantitative approaches with rigorous field methods to illuminate ecological questions that are of societal importance.

生物多样性代表了生命在基因、种群、物种和群落等层次尺度上的数量、种类和分布。人为退化正在迅速而非随机地改变这些对生物多样性敏感的本地物种和种群的不同要素，侵略性的非本地物种正在入侵。这些生物多样性的变化如何影响生态系统的功能和稳定性？虽然以前的研究主要集中在物种丰富度的随机丧失上，但我试图量化生物多样性的不同元素如何在人为变化的情况下发生变化，并阐明这种生物多样性变化的后果。利用河流生态系统的研究，我的研究计划将集中在两个短期项目上。首先，人为变化是如何通过物种（灭绝）和增加（入侵）驱动群落变化的？这种多样性变化对生态系统的影响是什么？通过多管齐下的方法，包括对河流鱼类和无脊椎动物的主要数据库的分析，对城市化梯度的河流的实地比较研究，以及对本地和非本地物种的实验排除，我和我的学生将量化生态系统对栖息地和社区变化的恢复能力。第二，不同类型的多样性、生物丰富度和生物多样性如何影响投资组合效应？组合效应认为生物多样性可以通过平均异步动态来增加整个系统的稳定性。我将重点关注两种多样性组合：常驻鱼类消费者及其猎物组合和鲑鱼元种群。我将发展一般理论，进行实地实验，并在不列颠哥伦比亚省斯基纳河流域对鲑鱼及其生态系统进行meta种群模拟。这些方法将量化生物多样性和丰富度对稳定性的贡献。这些项目将共同为不列颠哥伦比亚省淡水及其生物多样性的管理和保护提供信息。这项研究还将为高素质的人员提供宝贵的培训，使他们能够将定量方法与严格的实地方法结合起来，阐明具有社会重要性的生态问题。