A naturally-occurring resistance gene against the spruce bud worm: genomic characterization, and applications in Canadian tree breeding and pest management

天然存在的云杉芽虫抗性基因：基因组特征及其在加拿大树木育种和害虫管理中的应用

• 批准号: 430573-2012
• 负责人: MacKay, John
• 金额: $ 14.46万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Projects - Group
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=552576
• 关键词: naturally; occurring; resistance; gene; against

The spruce budworm (SBW) Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) is among the most destructive defoliating forest pests of eastern North America. Tree deaths and reduced growth caused losses of 0.38 billion cubic meters of wood during the last major SBW outbreak (1973-1987). Areas of heavy SBW defoliation have increased exponentially in eastern Canada since 2007. Three other species of SBW are of concern in western Canada. Planting spruce seedlings that have durable SBW resistance is a desirable strategy to reduce losses of forest supply and renew our timberlands. However, critical knowledge and know-how for reaching this goal have been lacking. We recently discovered naturally-occurring resistance to the SBW in white spruce (Picea glauca). This opens the doors to major innovations in this important area of forest pest management and natural resource protection. The accumulation of two phenolic compounds (piceol and pungenol) appears to explain this phenotypic variation in SBW resistance. Expression of a single beta-glucosidase candidate gene is strongly correlated with these traits. We propose to use accumulation of these compounds and expression of the beta-glucosidase gene as resistance biomarkers for developing genetically resistant trees and an approach for evaluating the vulnerability of natural and managed forests. Opportunities for breeding SBW resistant trees will be developed in major spruce species from eastern and western Canada. True fir and Douglas-fir will also be studied. Industry and public sector supporting organizations will contribute to the research and the translation of research results into practical applications, for the development of environmental and economic benefit to Canada. We will also investigate the molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to SBW resistance and study the impacts of the phenolic compounds on insect development and selective evolution. Our team combines internationally recognized and complementary expertise to support this interdisciplinary and innovative research. Anticipated outcomes will result in new tools and techniques for identifying higher value planting stocks and for maximizing the use of our forest land for supply of fibre, wood and energy resources.

云杉芽虫 (SBW) Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) 是北美东部最具破坏性的落叶森林害虫之一。在上次重大 SBW 爆发期间（1973-1987 年），树木死亡和生长减少导致 3.8 亿立方米木材损失。自 2007 年以来，加拿大东部 SBW 严重落叶面积呈指数增长。加拿大西部的另外三种 SBW 也令人担忧。种植具有持久 SBW 抗性的云杉苗是减少森林供应损失和更新我们林地的理想策略。然而，实现这一目标的关键知识和技能一直缺乏。我们最近发现白云杉 (Picea glauca) 天然存在对 SBW 的抗性。这为森林病虫害管理和自然资源保护这一重要领域的重大创新打开了大门。两种酚类化合物（piceol 和 pungenol）的积累似乎可以解释 SBW 抗性的这种表型变异。单个β-葡萄糖苷酶候选基因的表达与这些性状密切相关。我们建议利用这些化合物的积累和β-葡萄糖苷酶基因的表达作为抗性生物标志物来开发遗传抗性树木以及评估天然林和管理森林脆弱性的方法。将在加拿大东部和西部的主要云杉树种中开发培育 SBW 抗性树木的机会。真杉和花旗松也将被研究。工业和公共部门支持组织将致力于研究并将研究成果转化为实际应用，以提高加拿大的环境和经济效益。我们还将研究与SBW抗性相关的分子和生化机制，并研究酚类化合物对昆虫发育和选择进化的影响。我们的团队结合了国际公认的互补专业知识来支持这一跨学科和创新研究。预期成果将带来新的工具和技术，用于识别更高价值的植被资源，并最大限度地利用我们的林地来供应纤维、木材和能源。