High-yielding, superior quality, disease-resistant, herbicide-tolerant hybrid high erucic acid rapeseed research at the University of Manitoba

马尼托巴大学高产优质抗病耐除草剂杂交高芥酸油菜研究

• 批准号: 436733-2012
• 负责人: Duncan, Robert
• 金额: $ 28.05万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=553072
• 关键词: yielding; superior; quality; disease; resistant

The Canadian canola/rapeseed industry contributed $15.4 billion annually to Canada's economy in the 2007-2009 period. High Erucic Acid Rapeseed (HEAR) production is a small but profitable component of the Canadian canola/rapeseed industry, with Canada producing approximately half of the annual global supply of erucic acid oil. Erucic acid oil and its derivatives are used in lubricants, slip agents, plastics, lacquers, coatings, cosmetics, nylons and pharmaceuticals. Current open pollinated HEAR cultivars yield approximately 2200 kg/ha, while current hybrid canola cultivars yield approximately 2500 kg/ha. Developing HEAR hybrids is necessary to maintain profitable HEAR production in Canada, since HEAR and canola cultivars compete for the same production area. The proposed HEAR Collaborative Research and Development Project focuses on the development of high-yielding, superior quality, disease-resistant, herbicide-tolerant (HT) hybrid HEAR cultivars at the University of Manitoba. We will accomplish this using two different pollination control systems, generation of increased Brassica napus diversity, utilization of marker-assisted selection and further characterization of blackleg disease variation in western Canada and the genetics of blackleg resistance. This project will incorporate expertise in plant breeding, genomics, and disease resistance at the University of Manitoba (Drs. Duncan, Fernando and Li), expertise in breeding and hybrid development from DL Seeds and a tradition of seed/oil/meal processing from Bunge Canada. Our team will produce the world's first hybrid HT HEAR cultivar, and in the short-term, hybrid HT HEAR research and development will increase HT HEAR yields by at least 10 to 15%. The hybrid yield advantage of this unique and profitable crop will add significant annual value to the Canadian economy, benefiting farmers, the seed industry and seed processors. This research will provide a unique educational venue for training highly qualified personnel (HQP) in plant breeding, plant genomics and plant pathology. The demand for HQP in these areas is large and growing steadily, while the capacity to train such HQP is declining.

2007-2009年期间，加拿大油菜籽/油菜籽产业每年为加拿大经济贡献154亿美元。高芥酸油菜籽产量是加拿大油菜籽/油菜籽行业中一个很小但有利可图的组成部分，加拿大生产的芥酸油约占全球年供应量的一半。芥酸油及其衍生物用于润滑剂、打滑剂、塑料、漆器、涂料、化妆品、尼龙和医药。当前自由授粉的HARE品种产量约为2200公斤/公顷，而当前杂交油菜品种的产量约为2500公斤/公顷。由于HAR和油菜品种在同一产区竞争，因此开发HAR杂交品种对于维持加拿大有利可图的HAR生产是必要的。拟议的HAR合作研究和开发项目的重点是在马尼托巴大学开发高产、优质、抗病、耐除草剂(HT)的杂交品种。我们将使用两种不同的授粉控制系统来实现这一点，即增加甘蓝型油菜多样性的产生，利用分子标记辅助选择，进一步鉴定加拿大西部的黑腿病变异和黑腿抗性的遗传。该项目将结合马尼托巴大学(Duncan、Fernando和Li博士)在植物育种、基因组学和抗病方面的专业知识，来自DL Seed的育种和杂交开发专业知识，以及来自Bunge Canada的种子/油/粉加工的传统。我们的团队将生产出世界上第一个杂交HT HAR品种，在短期内，杂交HT HAR的研发将使HT HAR的产量至少增加10%至15%。这种独特且有利可图的作物的杂交产量优势将为加拿大经济增加显著的年度价值，使农民、种子行业和种子加工商受益。这项研究将为培养植物育种、植物基因组学和植物病理学方面的高素质人才提供一个独特的教育场所。这些地区对HQP的需求很大，而且还在稳步增长，而培训这类HQP的能力正在下降。