Brassica oilseed protein processing

在过去的40年里，自从开发出不含/低芥酸和芥子油苷的油菜品种（称为卡诺拉）以来，加拿大成为了油籽的主要种植国。菜籽油现在被认为是一种优质的食用油。加拿大有巨大的能力种植油菜籽及其相关的芥末。目前菜籽油是用己烷提取的，广泛应用于食品中。剩余的粗粉被用作动物饲料，尽管其营养价值高，但由于其味道差，残留的抗营养素和高纤维含量。芥末被用作调味品;但是它的蛋白质没有被进一步利用，因为它的油不适合人类食用，因为高芥酸含量与心脏病有关。对作为生物柴油原料的油的需求不断增加，芥末油和菜籽油都是优良的生物柴油前体。多伦多大学的食品工程小组开发了一系列加工创新，解决了有关油菜籽和芥末加工的关键问题。本提案将证明在将芥末和油菜加工成生物柴油和食用蛋白质产品（例如使用或不使用己烷提取的分离物和浓缩物）中的关键概念。该项目将集中在两个研究领域：蛋白质分离和溶剂回收。我们建议定义通过我们的专利膜工艺生产的卡诺拉和芥末蛋白分离物的食品功能特性和营养价值，定义工艺和产品对温度，pH值和接触时间等加工变量控制的敏感性。其次，我们将审查的可行性，使用无己烷的过程中直接从种子生产这些分离物，并直接生产生物柴油，没有中间溶剂回收步骤。我们将专注于萃取溶剂、试剂和酯交换介质的再利用。该计划将确定该工艺的可行性，并与一个或多个工业方合作，为以后的规模扩大和中试测试建立参数。我们将展示食品配料产品的实用性和潜在价值，让潜在的工业合作伙伴做出明智的商业化决策。

Over the past 40 years, since the development of rapeseed cultivars that are free/low in erucic acid and glucosinolates, called canola, Canada became a major grower of oilseeds. Canola oil is now accepted as a premium edible oil. Canada has a huge capacity for growing canola, and its relative, mustard. At present canola oil is extracted by hexane, and is widely used in food. The residual meal is used as animal feed, despite its high nutritional value, due to its poor taste, residual antinutrients and high fibre content. Mustard is used as a condiment; however its protein is not further utilized as its oil is not suited for human consumption, due to high erucic acid content, that is linked to heart disease. There is increasing demand for oils as biodiesel feedstocks, and both mustard and canola oil are excellent biodiesel precursors. The food engineering group at the University of Toronto developed a series of processing innovations that addresses critical concerns regarding the processing of canola and mustard. The present proposal will prove the key concepts in processing mustard and canola into biodiesel and edible protein products, such as isolates and concentrates with or without the use of hexane extraction. The project will concentrate on two lines of research: protein isolation and solvent recovery. We propose to define the food functional properties and nutritional value of canola and mustard protein isolates produced by our patented membrane process, defining the sensitivity of the process and products to the control of processing variables such as temperature, pH and contact time. Secondly, we will review the feasibility of using a hexane-free process for producing these isolates directly from the seeds, and producing biodiesel directly without an intermediate solvent recovery step. We will focus on the reuse of extraction solvents, reagents and transesterification media. The program will define the feasibility of the process, and establish parameters for later scale-up and pilot testing in cooperation with one or more industrial parties. We will demonstrate the usefulness, and potential value of the food ingredient products, allowing informed decisions by potential industrial partners for commercialization.