Time-to-digital converters for advanced all digital phase locked loops

无线通信是一项价值数十亿美元的国际业务。任何无线设备的核心都是高速射频集成电路，它实现无线电收发器。射频集成电路（rfic）构成了从手机到无线局域网、全球定位系统（GPS）、黑莓寻呼机等任何无线设备的一些关键启用技术。电路层面的深入研究仍在进行中，因为无线电的改进是必要的，以使rfic与数字技术更加兼容，并提供更低的功耗操作以延长电池寿命，同时提高无线电性能，以便向用户提供更高的数据速率（例如4G无线网络）。频率合成器是设计高性能无线电以满足新型无线应用需求的关键部件之一。频率合成器是

Wireless communications is a multibillion dollar international business. At the core of any wireless device is the high speed radio frequency integrated circuit which implements the radio transceiver. Radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) form some of the key enabling technologies for any wireless device from a cell phone to a wireless local area network, global positioning systems (GPS), Blackberry pagers and many more. Intense research is still ongoing at the circuit level as improvements in radios are necessary to make RFICs more compatible with digital technologies, and provide lower power operation for longer battery life and at the same time increasing radio performance in order to deliver higher data rates to the user (for example 4G wireless networks). One of the key components necessary to designing a high performance radio necessary to meet the demands of new wireless applications is the frequency synthesizer. The frequency synthesizer is