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Novel Bioprocesses for Biopolymers, Nanoparticles and Biofuels Production

用于生物聚合物、纳米颗粒和生物燃料生产的新型生物工艺

基本信息

批准号：
RGPIN-2014-03703
负责人：
Margaritis, Argyrios
金额：
$ 1.46万
依托单位：
University of Western Ontario
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=566041
关键词：
Novel Bioprocesses Biopolymers Nanoparticles Biofuels

项目摘要

The main objective of this proposal is to develop novel bioprocesses using renewable raw materials, for the economic production of commercially important biopolymers, nanoparticles and biofuels. 1. Biopolymers. Microbial biopolymers are non-toxic biodegradable polymers, derived from renewable raw materials. They are carbon neutral and environmentally sustainable. The objective of this project is to minimize the total cost of biopolymer production by developing novel bioprocesses which use renewable raw materials and low-cost product purification. The biopolymers gamma-polyglutamic acid and bacterial cellulose will be investigated using specific bacterial cultures in a controlled bioreactor system to achieve optimal cell growth and maximum biopolymer production. Both biopolymers are biocompatible and have unique physical and mechanical properties. This combination of physicochemical properties makes them ideally suited for applications in the biopharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. 2. Nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery. Nanotechnology is a rapidly emerging technology which has a profound influence on the development of natural sciences and engineering. The interaction of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology plays an important role in the development of new industrial processes and products. Biopolymer nanoparticles are used in drug delivery systems, which offer excellent biocompatibility and minimize the side effects, compared to the conventional, freely delivered drug systems. Biopolymer nanoparticles have excellent potential for clinical applications in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Two drugs will be investigated for encapsulation in biopolymer nanoparticles, the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin, and erythropoietin used for red blood cell production. 3. Biobutanol biofuel. Biobutanol is a biofuel, derived from non-food plant materials such as agricultural and forestry wastes. The fuel value of biobutanol is 93% of gasoline. It is easy to transport using current distribution systems in oil-refineries to produce gasoline-butanol mixtures. Corn cobs and non-food grade sugars from the plant jerusalem artichoke will be used for the production of biobutanol using a novel bioreactor system with fermenting bacteria. The ultimate objective is to minimize the cost of biobutanol production. 4. Biodegradation of naphthenic acids. The Athabasca tar sands deposits in Northern Alberta are of strategic importance to the Canadian economy, as an important source of crude oil. One the main challenges for crude oil extraction from the tar sands is the generation of large volumes of waste waters, stored in tailing ponds. A major pollutant is naphthenic acids (NA), which are difficult to treat and highly toxic to humans and aquatic life. A novel fibrous bioreactor system will be used for the biodegradation of NA present in industrial waste waters, using native bacterial cultures from the tailing ponds. The main objective is to develop a novel bioprocess for biodegradation of NA, which can also be applied in oil refineries that process crude oil from Athabasca tar sands.

这项提议的主要目标是利用可再生原材料开发新的生物工艺，用于经济地生产具有重要商业价值的生物聚合物、纳米颗粒和生物燃料。1.生物聚合物。微生物生物聚合物是从可再生原料中提取的无毒可生物降解聚合物。它们是碳中性和环境可持续的。该项目的目标是通过开发使用可再生原材料和低成本产品提纯的新生物工艺，将生物聚合物生产的总成本降至最低。生物聚合物伽马-聚谷氨酸和细菌纤维素将在受控生物反应器系统中使用特定的细菌培养进行研究，以实现最佳的细胞生长和最大限度的生物聚合物产量。这两种生物聚合物都是生物相容的，并具有独特的物理和机械性能。这种物理化学性质的结合使其非常适合生物制药、化妆品和食品行业的应用。2.可控释药的纳米粒。纳米技术是一项迅速崛起的技术，对自然科学和工程学的发展产生了深远的影响。纳米技术和生物技术的相互作用在新的工业工艺和产品的发展中发挥着重要的作用。生物聚合物纳米粒用于药物输送系统，与传统的、自由输送的药物系统相比，具有良好的生物相容性，并将副作用降至最低。生物聚合物纳米粒子在癌症和其他疾病的治疗中具有良好的临床应用潜力。将研究将两种药物包裹在生物聚合物纳米颗粒中，抗癌药物阿霉素和用于生产红细胞的促红细胞生成素。3.生物丁醇生物燃料。生物丁醇是一种生物燃料，从农林废弃物等非食用植物材料中提取。生物丁醇的燃料值是汽油的93%。利用炼油厂现有的分配系统生产汽油-丁醇混合物很容易运输。来自菊芋的玉米棒和非食品级糖将用于生产生物丁醇，使用一种带有发酵细菌的新型生物反应器系统。最终目标是将生产生物丁醇的成本降至最低。4.环烷酸的生物降解。阿尔伯塔省北部的阿萨巴斯卡沥青砂矿藏作为原油的重要来源，对加拿大经济具有战略重要性。从沥青砂中开采原油的主要挑战之一是产生大量储存在尾矿池中的废水。一种主要污染物是环烷酸(NA)，它很难处理，对人类和水生生物具有高度毒性。一种新型的纤维生物反应器系统将用于工业废水中NA的生物降解，使用尾矿池中的本地细菌培养物。主要目标是开发一种新的生物降解NA的工艺，该工艺也可以应用于加工阿萨巴斯卡沥青砂原油的炼油厂。