Vulnerability to global change in the arctic-breeding shorebirds

北极繁殖的滨鸟对全球变化的脆弱性

• 批准号: 3468-2011
• 负责人: Nol, Erica
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568300
• 关键词: Vulnerability; global; change; arctic; breeding

Natural selection results in a match between organisms and their environments. In ecological time, this match can constrain adaptation to environmental change but can be relaxed through behavioural plasticity. Arctic shorebirds are diverse in ecology and behaviour and their breeding environments are changing due to climate warming. The objectives of this research program are to document the vulnerability of arctic-breeding shorebirds to biological consequences of a changing climate, including habitat alterations and changes in communities of prey, predators and competitors using a range of species that vary in ecology, behaviour and habitat specificity. We describe four approaches for the five-year research program: (1) We will determine breeding habitat preferences, site fidelity, and fitness of four species of shorebirds at Churchill, Manitoba (Dunlin, Calidris alpina, Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus; Semipalmated Plover, Charadrius semipalmatus, and Red-necked Phalaropes, Phalaropus lobatus). (2) We will document variation in growth rates of the young as a function of timing of breeding to assess whether chick growth and peak insect productivity are matched or mismatched as a result of climate warming. (3) We will study the interaction between the temperate-zone breeding Killdeer (C. vociferus), a species expanding into the sub-Arctic and the Semipalmated Plover, a sub-arctic breeding species. The sub-arctic breeder is predicted to outcompete the temperate breeder in years with average temperatures, while the reverse is predicted in years with above average temperatures. (4) We will study three shorebird species with contrasting levels of conservation concern at two locations on wintering grounds that vary in the frequency of storm disturbance (e.g., Cuba and Georgia, USA). We will examine the impacts of tidal height on foraging preferences and success. The work is novel and significant in that results will allow identification of general principles for which arctic-breeding shorebird species and habitats are most at risk, and provide evidence of whether behavioural flexibility confers resilience to impacts of a rapidly changing environment.

自然选择导致生物体与其环境之间的匹配。在生态时代，这种匹配可以限制对环境变化的适应，但可以通过行为可塑性来放松。北极滨鸟在生态和行为上多种多样，它们的繁殖环境因气候变暖而发生变化。这项研究计划的目标是记录北极繁殖滨鸟的脆弱性，气候变化的生物后果，包括栖息地的改变和猎物，捕食者和竞争对手的社区的变化，使用一系列的物种，在生态，行为和栖息地的特异性不同。我们描述了五年研究计划的四种方法：（1）我们将确定四种滨鸟（Dunlin，Calidris alpina，Whimbrel，Numenius phaeopus; Semipalmated普洛弗，Charadrius semipalmatus和Red-necked Phalaropes，Phalaropus lobatus）的繁殖栖息地偏好，地点保真度和适合度。(2)我们将记录作为繁殖时间的函数的年轻的生长率的变化，以评估小鸡的生长和高峰期昆虫生产力是否匹配或不匹配的气候变暖的结果。(3)本文研究了温带繁殖鹿科（C. vociferus），一个物种扩展到亚北极和半棕榈普洛弗，一个亚北极繁殖物种。亚北极育种者预计将在平均温度的年份胜过温带育种者，而在高于平均温度的年份则相反。(4)我们将研究三种滨鸟物种，它们在两个地点的越冬地上具有不同的保护水平，这些地点的风暴干扰频率不同（例如，古巴和格鲁吉亚，美国）。我们将研究潮汐高度对觅食偏好和成功的影响。这项工作是新颖的和重要的，结果将允许确定的一般原则，北极繁殖的滨鸟物种和栖息地是最危险的，并提供证据，行为的灵活性是否赋予弹性的影响，迅速变化的环境。