Vulnerability to global change in arctic-breeding shorebirds

北极繁殖的滨鸟对全球变化的脆弱性

• 批准号: 331361-2011
• 负责人: Nol, Erica
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Trent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Northern Research Supplement
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=572174
• 关键词: Vulnerability; global; change; arctic; breeding

The objective of this research program is to investigate the vulnerability of arctic-breeding shorebirds to biological consequences of a changing climate. Arctic-breeding shorebirds migrate annually from tropical regions to make use of the abundance of insects that emerge during the Canadian arctic's short summer. Proposed consequences of global warming for the arctic region include habitat alterations due to northward movement of the tree line into tundra and wetland habitats, changes in communities of shorebird food due to changes in phenology of insects and drying of arctic wetlands, increases in predator communities as a result of milder winters that incur lower mortality on these populations (e.g., red foxes) and direct competition on nesting and foraging grounds as a result of the northward movement of temperate breeders. We will explore these consequences at two northern study locations. Near Churchill, Manitoba, we will study four species of arctic-breeding shorebirds who vary in the susceptibility of their habitats to change. The Semipalmated Plover nests on nutrient poor, gravel coastal habitats that predicted to change relatively slowly. Whimbrel nest and feed on both dry tundra and in wet sedge meadows, habitat flexibility that may make them more resilient. Dunlin nest only in wet sedge meadows that are at risk of drying, causing losses of nesting and foraging habitat. Red-necked Phalaropes nest and feed on the edges of small, shallow arctic ponds, habitats at extreme risk to drying and shrub encroachment. We will document whether changes in habitats of these species result in lower reproductive success. We will also examine the influence of timing of breeding on growth rates and survival of young shorebirds. If insect food emerges earlier than the arrival of migrating shorebirds then there can be a mismatch that will result in lower growth rates and survival. On Akimiski I., Nunavut, we will also determine whether the Killdeer, a common temperate breeding bird whose distribution is moving northward, competes with the Semipalmated Plover, a species with very similar foraging and habitat requirements.

这项研究计划的目的是调查北极繁殖的滨鸟对气候变化的生物后果的脆弱性。北极繁殖的滨鸟每年从热带地区迁徙，以利用加拿大北极短暂夏季出现的大量昆虫。全球变暖对北极地区的拟议后果包括由于树木线向北移动进入苔原和湿地栖息地而导致的栖息地改变，由于昆虫物候学的变化和北极湿地的干燥而导致的滨鸟食物群落的变化，由于暖冬导致这些种群死亡率较低而导致的捕食者群落的增加（例如，赤狐）和直接竞争的筑巢和觅食的理由，由于向北移动的温带繁殖。我们将在两个北方研究地点探讨这些后果。在马尼托巴的丘吉尔附近，我们将研究四种北极繁殖的滨鸟，它们的栖息地对变化的敏感性各不相同。半棕榈普洛弗巢营养贫乏，砾石海岸栖息地，预计变化相对缓慢。 帆鸟在干燥的苔原和潮湿的莎草草地上筑巢和觅食，栖息地的灵活性可能使它们更有弹性。 邓林只在潮湿的莎草草地筑巢，这些草地有干燥的危险，导致筑巢和觅食栖息地的损失。红颈凤头鹦鹉在北极小而浅的池塘边缘筑巢和觅食，这些池塘的栖息地面临着极度干旱和灌木入侵的风险。我们将记录这些物种栖息地的变化是否会导致繁殖成功率降低。我们还将研究繁殖时间对幼鸟生长速度和存活率的影响。如果昆虫食物出现早于迁徙的滨鸟到达，那么可能会有一个不匹配，这将导致较低的增长率和生存。在阿基米斯基岛，努纳武特，我们还将确定是否杀鹿，一个常见的温带繁殖鸟类的分布是向北移动，竞争与半棕榈普洛弗，一个物种具有非常相似的觅食和栖息地的要求。