X-ray scatter imaging: Cross sections, collimation, speed, and signal extraction

X 射线散射成像：横截面、准直、速度和信号提取

• 批准号: 42307-2013
• 负责人: Johns, Paul
• 金额: $ 1.53万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568893
• 关键词: ray; scatter; imaging; Cross; sections

Despite the advances in mri, nuclear medicine, and ultrasound, x-ray imaging remains the main tool used in medicine to look inside the body. Physics innovations now suggest new ways of using x rays to capture more information. All medical x-ray imaging today uses the "primary" or transmitted x rays to form a "shadow" picture of the patient. Scattered x rays, however, comprise up to 90% of the radiation at the image receptor and are another information source. Our lab's focus is to develop an x-ray imaging system that uses scatter as well as primary. We will: (1) Complete building a library of diffraction signals of tissues, notably brain grey and white matter, and tracers for bone metabolism, using instrumentation developed at Carleton University. (2) Continue our work at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) synchrotron in Saskatoon to design geometries of the radiation beam (collimation) for x-ray scatter imaging. We are using the BioMedical Imaging & Therapy beamline at CLS, whose monoenergetic beam and radiation instrumentation provide an ideal environment for machine development. We seek the best tradeoff between scanning a single narrow beam in tandem with a pixelated scatter detector over the patient, which will be prohibitively slow but will capture all scatter information unambiguously, versus multibeam geometries in which the scatter patterns overlap, which will speed acquisition but require untangling algorithms to use. So far, we have demonstrated 5-beam imaging with a digital detector and successful disentanglement. (3) We will commence biomedical applications, starting with imaging tracers for bone metabolism, and prostate imaging. (4) We will transfer the concept to standard x-ray systems such as in hospitals. These innovations in x-ray imaging are commercializable and applicable beyond medicine to industrial nondestructive testing, to security imaging, and to all other areas in which x rays are shone through an object. We will seek further funding to help commercialize once the basic approach has been established.

尽管核磁共振、核医学和超声技术取得了进步，但 X 射线成像仍然是医学上观察体内情况的主要工具。 物理学创新现在提出了使用 X 射线捕获更多信息的新方法。 当今所有的医学 X 射线成像都使用“主”或透射 X 射线来形成患者的“阴影”图像。 然而，散射 X 射线占图像接收器处辐射的 90%，是另一个信息源。 我们实验室的重点是开发一种使用散射和初级的 X 射线成像系统。 我们将：（1）使用卡尔顿大学开发的仪器，完成建立组织衍射信号库，特别是脑灰质和白质，以及骨代谢示踪剂。 (2) 继续我们在萨斯卡通的加拿大光源 (CLS) 同步加速器的工作，设计用于 X 射线散射成像的辐射束（准直）的几何形状。 我们在 CLS 使用生物医学成像和治疗光束线，其单能光束和辐射仪器为机器开发提供了理想的环境。 我们寻求在患者身上使用像素化散射探测器串联扫描单个窄光束与散射图案重叠的多光束几何形状之间的最佳权衡，这将速度极慢，但会明确捕获所有散射信息，这将加快采集速度，但需要使用理清算法。 到目前为止，我们已经展示了使用数字探测器的 5 光束成像和成功的解缠结。 (3)我们将开始生物医学应用，从骨代谢成像示踪剂和前列腺成像开始。 (4) 我们将把这个概念转移到标准的X射线系统上，比如医院里的X射线系统。 X 射线成像的这些创新可商业化，并可应用于医学以外的工业无损检测、安全成像以及 X 射线穿过物体的所有其他领域。 一旦基本方法确立，我们将寻求更多资金来帮助商业化。