Plant root - fungal pathogen interactions

植物根系提供了与土壤或生长基质的重要联系，确保养分和水分的吸收和传导。许多胁迫降低了根系生长，对植物的生长发育产生负面影响。致病真菌会严重损害根的生长。这些土壤生物渗透根部，通过产生酶和毒素造成死亡（发病机制）。了解影响真菌发病机制的因素以及植物如何通过产生防御化合物来抵御感染，将提供有价值的信息。所产生的信息可用于减少这些真菌对粮食生产的负面影响。在本研究中，将研究真菌与植物与环境相互作用的三个重要方面，以了解其发病机制。1）. 转基因表达如何影响胡萝卜组织的防御反应和真菌的发病机制？我们将评估编码过氧化物酶、NPR1（一种信号通路调节剂）和类胡萝卜素的基因对组织中不同分子、生化和细胞反应的影响。pr蛋白、活性氧和过氧化氢以及木质素形成的水平将被确定。这将有助于确定根对病原体挑战的关键防御反应。2）. 发病机制可以通过dsRNA（分枝病毒）感染介导吗？已知双链RNA元件会影响真菌的毒力。我们将研究dsRNA对秀丽隐杆线虫致病机制的影响，包括对具有和不具有特定dsRNA元素菌株的毒力、真菌基因表达和表型的影响。这将有助于确定涉及致病性的关键真菌参数。3)。铁如何影响胡萝卜真菌的发病机制？虽然铁是植物生长和某些真菌必需的微量营养素，但真菌对根系感染的影响尚未得到很好的研究。铁对真菌酶的产生、宿主防御化合物的产生以及致病机理的影响，将以重要的根侵染病原菌线虫为研究对象。提出的研究将为植物根与真菌病原体的相互作用提供有价值的见解，并提供新的信息。

Plant roots provide a vital connection with the soil or growth substrate, ensuring uptake and conductance of nutrients and water. Many stresses reduce root growth, which negatively impacts plant growth and development. Pathogenic fungi can severely compromise root growth. These soil-inhabiting organisms penetrate roots, causing death through production of enzymes and toxins (pathogenesis). Knowledge of the factors affecting fungal pathogenesis and how plants can potentially defend against infection, via production of defense compounds, would provide valuable information. The information generated can be applied to reduce the negative impact of these fungi on food production. In this research, three important aspects of fungal x plant x environment interactions will be studied to understand pathogenesis. 1). How does transgene expression affect defense responses in carrot tissues and fungal pathogenesis ? We will evaluate effects of genes encoding peroxidase, NPR1 ( a signaling pathway modulator ) and carotenoids on different molecular, biochemical, and cellular responses in tissues. The levels of PR-proteins, active oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide, as well as lignin formation, will be determined. This will help identify the key defense responses in roots to pathogen challenge. 2). Can pathogenesis be mediated through dsRNA (mycovirus) infection ? Double-stranded RNA elements are known to affect fungal virulence. The effects of dsRNA on pathogenesis of Chalara elegans on carrot will be investigated, including the effects on virulence, fungal gene expression, and phenotype of strains with and without specific dsRNA elements. This should help identify the key fungal parameters involved in pathogenicity. 3). How does iron affect fungal pathogenesis on carrot ? While iron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and for some fungi, effects on root infection by fungi have not been well researched. The effect of iron on fungal enzyme production, production of host defense compounds, and on pathogenesis, will be studied using Chalara elegans, an important root-infecting pathogen. The proposed research will provide valuable insight into plant root-fungal pathogen interactions and provide novel information.