Algorithms for fault tolerance in emerging smart power grids

容错计算在当今世界扮演着重要的角色。容错防止系统故障，并旨在确保系统在出现故障和错误的情况下仍能提供所需的服务。在过去的二十年里，我们看到计算机网络的发展是通信和计算世界的合并。一个例子是新兴的智能电网。当物理电力系统中的节点（诸如传输线或配电馈线）发生故障并且它们的电力负载被传递到另一个本地节点（这可能导致过载）时，在电网中发生级联故障，从而导致级联效应。传统的电网对级联故障提供的保护很少。随着电力需求的增加，电网可能无法支持偶尔增加的负荷，这可能导致更多的停电。例如，2003年的停电影响了5500万人，导致256个发电厂下线。智能能源和故障管理可以识别故障，断开某些工厂，分配电力负载和决策过程，并采取孤岛和隔离传入或传出故障。这个项目的目标是为电网拓扑结构和级联故障开发更好的分析模型，这将有助于我们设计未来的拓扑结构，以限制电力级联故障。

Fault-tolerant computing plays an important role in today's world. Fault tolerance prevents system failures and is intended to ensure that the system delivers the required service in spite of faults and errors. In the past two decades, we have seen the evolution of computer networks as a merger of the communication and computing worlds. One example is the emerging smart power grids. Cascading failures occur in the power grid when nodes such as transmission lines or distribution feeders in the physical power system fail and their power load is passed to another local node which can result in overload, resulting in cascading effects. Conventional power grids provide very little protection against cascading failures. As demand for power increases, potential inability of the power grid to support the occasional increased load could lead to more blackouts. The blackout of 2003, for example, affected 55 million people and caused 256 power plants to go offline. Intelligent energy and fault management can identify failure, disconnect certain plants, distribute power load and decision making processes, and resort to islanding and isolation from either incoming or outgoing faults. The goal of this project is to develop better analytical models for power grid topologies and cascading failures which will help us design future topologies to limit power cascading failures.