Insect diversity at multiple scales: from genes to communities

多个尺度的昆虫多样性：从基因到群落

• 批准号: 183986-2012
• 负责人: Wheeler, Terry
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=569681
• 关键词: Insect; diversity; multiple; scales; genes

Few single biodiversity programs span genes, species and communities, yet the three are linked: genetic diversity is the raw material for speciation; species are the currency for comparison of habitats and sites; and communities are strongly influenced by species interactions. By assessing diversity at all three scales, we move toward a greater understanding of mechanisms and resulting patterns of diversity. I explore insect diversity at genetic, species and ecological scales. My study taxon is the flies (Diptera), Canada's most diverse order of insects. My short-term objective is to document patterns of diversity at all three levels at multiple spatial scales, especially in the arctic where flies dominate. My long-term objective is to build a phylogenetic and ecological framework to address questions on the diversity and dominance of flies. We explore three themes: 1. TAXONOMY: Good ecology is rooted in good taxonomy, especially in the diverse insects. The core of my taxonomic work is the family Chloropidae, a large family that is dominant in most terrestrial systems. Chloropids have enormous ecological diversity, but understanding this diversity is hampered by undescribed species and unresolved relationships. The Nearctic chloropid fauna will be the focus of our proposed taxonomic work, making names and phylogenies available for ecological studies. We will also target other Diptera families that are particularly diverse but poorly known in the arctic; 2. PHYLOGENY: We require phylogenetic hypotheses to test questions about community assembly and structure. The distribution of arctic Diptera is strongly influenced by survival in refugia and postglacial dispersal but phylogeographic analyses at the genetic level is needed to identify the footprint of glacial events; 3. COMMUNITY ECOLOGY: Many Diptera families are similar in species-richness, abundance and body size, but show a great range of ecological specialization. We will use these families to test the effect of ecological diversity on community structure. We will also test whether phylogeny, ecology or neutral processes drive community assembly in these taxa at different spatial and temporal scales.

很少有单一的生物多样性计划跨越基因、物种和群落，但这三者是相互关联的：遗传多样性是物种形成的原材料；物种是比较生境和地点的货币；群落受到物种相互作用的强烈影响。通过在所有三个尺度上评估多样性，我们朝着更好地理解多样性的机制和由此产生的模式迈进。我探索遗传、物种和生态尺度上的昆虫多样性。我研究的分类群是苍蝇(双翅目)，这是加拿大最多样化的昆虫目。我的短期目标是在多个空间尺度上记录所有三个层次的多样性模式，特别是在苍蝇占主导地位的北极地区。我的长期目标是建立一个系统发育和生态框架，以解决有关苍蝇多样性和优势的问题。我们探讨了三个主题： 1.分类学：良好的生态植根于良好的分类学，特别是在种类繁多的昆虫身上。我的分类工作的核心是绿蝶科，这是一个在大多数陆地系统中占主导地位的大科。绿足类具有巨大的生态多样性，但由于未描述的物种和未解决的关系，对这种多样性的理解受到阻碍。新北区叶绿体动物区系将是我们建议的分类学工作的重点，为生态学研究提供名称和系统发育。我们还将瞄准北极地区特别多样化但鲜为人知的其他双翅目昆虫科； 2.系统发育学：我们需要系统发育假说来检验有关群落组装和结构的问题。北极双翅目昆虫的分布受到避难所生存和冰后扩散的强烈影响，但需要在遗传水平上进行系统地理分析，以确定冰川事件的足迹； 3.群落生态学：许多双翅目昆虫科在物种丰富度、丰富度和体型上相似，但表现出很大的生态专化性。我们将使用这些家庭来测试生态多样性对群落结构的影响。我们还将测试系统发育、生态或中性过程是否在不同的空间和时间尺度上驱动这些分类群的群落聚集。