Applications of consumer-resource models in ecology and evolution

消费者资源模型在生态学和进化中的应用

• 批准号: 227077-2010
• 负责人: Abrams, Peter
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=570235
• 关键词: Applications; consumer; resource; models; ecology

Most natural communities consist of food webs distributed across a patchy landscape. Predicting the fate of any one species requires an understanding of both: (1) the set of predator-prey (consumer-resource) interactions within patches; and (2) the nature of movement between patches. Both processes have major effects on how natural populations respond to environmental changes, including increased harvest by humans, climate change, and introduced species. The two processes interact, because movement of organisms between patches is generally influenced by birth and death rates, which are in turn determined largely by consumer-resource interactions. The proposed research will use mathematical models help to build a quantitative basis for understanding this interaction. It will do so by first exploring the evolution of movement behaviour using mathematical models of interacting sets of species distributed across a varied landscape. The resulting understanding of movement will be incorporated into models that describe the interaction of species within habitat patches. A variety of different movement behaviours are likely to be favoured in different ecological circumstances, and a variety of different food webs with such movement behaviours will be analyzed. The goal will be to determine how the combination of adaptive movement and food web interactions alters the evolutionary and ecological responses of a focal species to a variety of changes that may occur in its environment. This includes changes in physical and chemical conditions, altered mortality, and altered abundances of predators, competitors, or other species with which the focal species interacts. The results will help explain why highly simplified models have often produced very different predictions about future changes in ecological systems than have complex simulation models.

大多数自然群落都是由分布在一片不均匀的土地上的食物网组成的。 预测任何一个物种的命运都需要理解：（1）斑块内捕食者-猎物（消费者-资源）相互作用的集合;（2）斑块之间运动的性质。 这两个过程都对自然种群如何应对环境变化产生重大影响，包括人类增加收获，气候变化和引入物种。 这两个过程相互作用，因为生物体在斑块之间的运动通常受到出生率和死亡率的影响，而出生率和死亡率又在很大程度上取决于消费者与资源的相互作用。 拟议的研究将使用数学模型帮助建立一个定量的基础，了解这种相互作用。 它将首先探索运动行为的进化，使用分布在不同景观中的物种相互作用的数学模型。 由此产生的运动的理解将被纳入模型，描述栖息地斑块内的物种的相互作用。 在不同的生态环境中，各种不同的运动行为可能会受到青睐，并将分析具有这种运动行为的各种不同的食物网。 目标是确定适应性运动和食物网相互作用的结合如何改变焦点物种对环境中可能发生的各种变化的进化和生态反应。 这包括物理和化学条件的变化，死亡率的改变，以及捕食者，竞争者或与焦点物种相互作用的其他物种的丰度的改变。 这些结果将有助于解释为什么高度简化的模型往往会对生态系统的未来变化产生非常不同的预测，而不是复杂的模拟模型。