Distinguishing false from true memories

区分虚假记忆和真实记忆

• 批准号: 388752-2012
• 负责人: Brodeur, Mathieu
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=573037
• 关键词: Distinguishing; false; true; memories

Memory accuracy does not only depend on how well one recognizes past events, but also on how well one distinguishes new information from previously exposed information. This ability is necessary to prevent people believing that they know something or someone that in fact they have never encountered. In the field of cognitive science, the mistake bringing one to confound a new stimulus with a known one is called false recognition. False recognition occurs mainly when a new stimulus resembles a known one. It is generally avoided or correctly rejected as a new stimulus, once a difference or mismatch is detected between the two stimuli. The brain mechanisms of false recognition have been widely studied and the role of recollection in this phenomenon is now relatively well documented. However, less is known about the brain mechanisms of recollection and mismatch detection involved in correct rejection. The present research program aims at studying these mechanisms within a framework involving four brain areas: the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC), the temporal cortex, and the visual cortex. Each of these brain areas contributes differently to correct rejection. First, when perceiving a new stimulus, mnemonic representations of resembling stimuli are reactivated in the temporal cortex. Due to memory limitations, only few features of the representation are generally reactivated. Visual areas mediating the specific features (e.g., colour) should thus also be reactivated. The PFC makes a comparison between the representation and the perceived stimulus and the ACC monitors mismatching information. The purpose of the present research program is to test this model with objects and faces. Three neuroimaging techniques recently acquired by the Douglas Institute will be used to provide a complete picture of the brain dynamics involved in false recognition and correct rejection. Functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI) will help identify the brain structures, event-related potentials (ERPs) will be used to define the spatio-temporal brain signature of the processes, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) will be used to test the functional role of the identified processes.

记忆的准确性不仅取决于一个人对过去事件的认知程度，还取决于一个人区分新信息和以前接触过的信息的能力。这种能力对于防止人们相信他们认识实际上从未遇到过的事物或人来说是必要的。在认知科学领域，将新刺激与已知刺激混淆的错误称为错误识别。错误识别主要发生在新刺激与已知刺激相似时。一旦检测到两个刺激之间存在差异或不匹配，通常会避免或正确拒绝它作为新刺激。错误识别的大脑机制已被广泛研究，并且记忆在这种现象中的作用现已得到相对充分的记录。然而，人们对正确拒绝所涉及的记忆和错配检测的大脑机制知之甚少。目前的研究计划旨在在涉及四个大脑区域的框架内研究这些机制：前额叶皮层（PFC）、前扣带皮层（ACC）、颞叶皮层和视觉皮层。每个大脑区域对正确拒绝的贡献各不相同。首先，当感知到新的刺激时，类似刺激的助记表征在颞叶皮层中被重新激活。由于内存限制，通常仅重新激活表示的少数特征。因此，调节特定特征（例如颜色）的视觉区域也应该被重新激活。 PFC 对表征和感知到的刺激进行比较，ACC 监控不匹配的信息。本研究计划的目的是用物体和面部测试该模型。 道格拉斯研究所最近获得的三种神经成像技术将用于提供与错误识别和正确拒绝相关的大脑动态的完整图像。功能磁共振成像（fMRI）将帮助识别大脑结构，事件相关电位（ERP）将用于定义过程的时空大脑特征，经颅磁刺激（TMS）将用于测试已识别过程的功能作用。