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Examining emotion specific memories: An investigation into the persistence of true and false memories

检查情绪特定记忆：对真实和错误记忆持久性的调查

基本信息

批准号：
ES/L00853X/1
负责人：
Lauren Michelle Knott
金额：
$ 36.42万
依托单位：
City, University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FL00853X%2F1
关键词：
Examining emotion specific memories investigation

项目摘要

False memories occur when people recollect events that did not happen or incorrectly recollect events that did happen. In legal contexts, the inaccurate recollection of events can lead to errors in convictions. It is therefore important to establish the conditions under which false remembering can occur. When people are exposed to a crime, either as a witness or a victim, they tend to experience a negative event that has the potential to induce a negative emotion. Furthermore, there can then be a considerable delay between experiencing this negative event and recalling it during legal proceedings. These important factors from the forensic context have only recently been examined in the false memory research. One of the most popular methods for studying false remembering in the laboratory is the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. In this paradigm, participants study a list of words that all semantically associated (e.g., cigar, cigarette, chimney) to one nonpresented word (e.g., smoke). We refer to this word as the critical lure. On subsequent memory tests, participants often falsely recall and recognise these critical lures more frequently than the studied items. We refer to this as a false memory. Moreover, when participants are asked to make remember-know judgments to the critical lures (where a remember response indicates participants can mentally re-experience the presentation of a studied item and a know response indicates participants believe an item is familiar but cannot recollect its presentation) they typically make a remember response. The DRM paradigm can therefore produce vivid false memories.A few experiments have studied the effect of negative emotions on false memory formation using this paradigm. Participants may be asked to study information while in a particular mood using a temporary mood induction technique. Participants may also be asked to study information that is emotionally negative or positive in content. Of particular relevance to forensic situations, research has also manipulated the delay from when the participants studies the information and then completes the memory test. However, research has yet to examine how specific emotions relevant to such forensic situations may impact on recall of specific information relevant to that emotion. We believe this could be of particular interest given that recent research shows we produce more true (and false) memories for information that matches the emotion/mood that we were experiencing at the time of study.Furthermore, although research has shown that negative false memories increase over time, recent evidence suggests that this selective consolidation for emotional false memories may occur preferentially during sleep rather than over time per se. The explanation comes from neurochemical changes that occur during REM sleep that result in activity in brain regions that are thought to play a role in the selective consolidation of emotional stimuli. The role of sleep consolidation on the formation of negative emotional false memories has yet to be examined. The series of experiments outlined in this proposal will further examine these factors (specific emotions elicited during these events and the time and type of delay between encoding and retrieval of the event) that have the potential to mediate the degree to which people falsely remember emotion relevant information.

当人们回忆起没有发生过的事件或错误地回忆起发生过的事件时，就会发生错误记忆。在法律环境中，对事件的不准确回忆可能导致定罪错误。因此，建立错误记忆发生的条件是很重要的。当人们接触到犯罪时，无论是作为证人还是受害者，他们都倾向于经历有可能诱发负面情绪的负面事件。此外，在经历这一消极事件和在法律诉讼期间回忆起它之间可能会有相当大的延迟。这些来自法医背景的重要因素直到最近才在错误记忆研究中得到检验。在实验室中研究错误记忆最流行的方法之一是迪斯/罗迪格-麦克德莫特（DRM）范式。在这个范例中，参与者学习一个单词列表，这些单词在语义上都与一个未呈现的单词（例如，雪茄，香烟，烟囱）相关联。我们把这个词称为临界诱饵。在随后的记忆测试中，参与者经常错误地回忆和识别这些关键的诱饵，而不是研究过的项目。我们称之为错误记忆。此外，当参与者被要求对关键诱饵做出“记得-知道”判断时（记住反应表明参与者可以在心理上重新体验研究过的物品的呈现，而知道反应表明参与者相信一个物品是熟悉的，但不能回忆起它的呈现），他们通常会做出记住反应。因此，DRM范式可以产生生动的虚假记忆。一些实验利用这一范式研究了消极情绪对错误记忆形成的影响。参与者可能会被要求在特定的情绪下使用临时情绪诱导技术来学习信息。参与者也可能会被要求学习情绪消极或积极的信息。与法医情况特别相关的是，研究还操纵了参与者从学习信息到完成记忆测试的延迟时间。然而，研究还没有检验与此类法庭情境相关的特定情绪如何影响与该情绪相关的特定信息的回忆。鉴于最近的研究表明，我们对与学习时所经历的情绪/心情相匹配的信息产生更多的真实（和虚假）记忆，我们相信这可能是特别有趣的。此外，尽管研究表明负面错误记忆会随着时间的推移而增加，但最近的证据表明，这种选择性的情绪性错误记忆巩固可能优先发生在睡眠期间，而不是随着时间的推移。这种解释来自于快速眼动睡眠期间发生的神经化学变化，这种变化导致大脑中被认为在选择性巩固情绪刺激中起作用的区域活动。睡眠巩固在负面情绪错误记忆形成中的作用还有待研究。本提案中概述的一系列实验将进一步研究这些因素（在这些事件中引发的特定情绪以及事件编码和检索之间的延迟时间和类型），这些因素有可能调节人们错误记忆情绪相关信息的程度。