Evolution of the atmospheres of Earth and Earth-like planets

地球大气层随时间的演变取决于地球系统许多部分的相互作用。建议的工作是研究这一演变，将地球化学变化、大气成分和气候联系起来。特别强调的领域将是早期地球大气（大气成分的变化、温室气体库存、“微弱的年轻太阳悖论”和低纬度冰川作用）和热的“失控的温室”大气（晚期重轰击引起的撞击、地球未来和金星过去的日晒）。对于地球化学演化，重点是对现有数据进行新的定量综合，包括开发新的概念和数值模型。气候方面的工作将使用一系列模型：一套现有的逐行辐射传输代码，用于参考辐射传输计算；一套现有的辐射对流气候模型；以及一套新的二维统计动力气候模型，该模型将作为拟议工作的一部分而开发。这项工作解决了地球演化的基本问题，并与理解当代气候变化和理解太阳系外行星的大气层有关。

The evolution of Earth's atmosphere through time depends on the interaction of many parts of the Earth System. The proposed work is to study this evolution, linking geochemical change, atmospheric composition and climate. Areas of particular emphasis will be the early Earth atmosphere (changes in bulk atmospheric composition, greenhouse gas inventories, the "faint young Sun paradox" and low-latitude glaciation) and hot "runaway greenhouse" atmospheres (impact induced during the late heavy bombardment, insolation driven in Earth's future and Venus' past). For geochemical evolution, the focus is on novel quantitative synthesis of existing data, including the development of new conceptual and numerical models. Work on climate will use a hierarchy of models: an existing line-by-line radiative transfer code for reference radiative transfer calculations, a existing radiative-convective climate model and a new 2D statistical dynamical climate model which will be developed as part of the proposed work. This work addresses fundamental questions of Earth evolution and has relevance to understanding contemporary climate change and to understanding the atmospheres of extra-solar planets.