Biodiversity shifts and freshwater ecosystem dynamics

生物多样性变化和淡水生态系统动态

• 批准号: 421439-2012
• 负责人: Moore, Jonathan
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=573859
• 关键词: Biodiversity; shifts; freshwater; ecosystem; dynamics

Biodiversity represents the quantity, variety, and distribution of life across hierarchical scales from genes, populations, species, and communities. Anthropogenic degradation is rapidly and non-randomly changing these different elements of biodiversity-sensitive native species and populations are going extinct, aggressive nonnative species are invading. How do these shifts in biodiversity impact ecosystem function and stability? While previous research has focused on random loss of species richness, I seek to quantify how different elements of biodiversity are shifting given anthropogenic change and to illuminate the consequences of that biodiversity shift. Utilizing studies of stream ecosystems, my research program will focus on two short-term projects. First, how does anthropogenic change drive community change via species (extinction) and gain (invasion) and what are the ecosystem consequences of that diversity shift? Through a multi-pronged approach that involves analysis of major databases on stream fish and invertebrates, field comparative studies of streams across a gradient of urbanization, and experimental exclusions of native and non-native species, my students and I will quantify the resilience of ecosystems to habitat and community change. Second, how do different types of diversity, biological richness and biological variety, contribute to portfolio effects? The portfolio effect posits that biological diversity can increase the stability of the whole system through averaging asynchronous dynamics. I will focus on two portfolios of diversity: resident fish consumers and their portfolios of prey and salmon meta-populations. I will develop general theory, perform field experiments, and use meta-population simulations of salmon and their ecosystems in the Skeena River watershed, BC. These approaches will quantify how biological variety and richness contribute to stability. Together, these projects will inform management and conservation of BC fresh waters and their biodiversity. This research will also provide valuable training for highly qualified personnel so that they can meld quantitative approaches with rigorous field methods to illuminate ecological questions that are of societal importance.

生物多样性代表了生命的数量、多样性和分布，跨越了基因、种群、物种和群落的等级尺度。人为的退化正在迅速和非随机地改变生物多样性的这些不同元素-敏感的本地物种和种群正在灭绝，侵略性的外来物种正在入侵。生物多样性的这些变化如何影响生态系统的功能和稳定性？虽然以前的研究主要集中在物种丰富度的随机损失，但我试图量化生物多样性的不同元素如何在人为变化的情况下发生变化，并阐明生物多样性变化的后果。利用溪流生态系统的研究，我的研究计划将集中在两个短期项目。首先，人为变化如何通过物种（灭绝）和增益（入侵）驱动群落变化，以及这种多样性变化的生态系统后果是什么？通过多管齐下的方法，包括对溪流鱼类和无脊椎动物的主要数据库进行分析，对城市化梯度的溪流进行实地比较研究，以及对本地和非本地物种进行实验性排除，我和我的学生将量化生态系统对栖息地和社区变化的恢复力。第二，不同类型的多样性、生物丰富性和生物多样性如何促进组合效应？投资组合效应假定生物多样性可以通过平均异步动态来增加整个系统的稳定性。我将集中在两个投资组合的多样性：居民鱼类消费者和他们的投资组合的猎物和鲑鱼元种群。我将发展一般理论，进行实地实验，并使用鲑鱼及其生态系统的元种群模拟在Skeena河流域，公元前。这些方法将量化生物多样性和丰富性如何促进稳定。这些项目将为不列颠哥伦比亚省淡水沃茨及其生物多样性的管理和保护提供信息。这项研究还将为高素质的人员提供宝贵的培训，使他们能够将定量方法与严格的实地方法相结合，以阐明具有社会重要性的生态问题。