Origin and diversity of mushrooms in Eastern Canada and phylogenomics of selected groups

加拿大东部蘑菇的起源和多样性以及选定群体的系统发育组学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04780
• 负责人: Moncalvo, JeanMarc
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=588013
• 关键词: Origin; diversity; mushrooms; Eastern; Canada

Understanding the origin and distribution of biological diversity is fundamental to biology. The long-term goals of my research program are to investigate species richness and evolutionary relationships in the Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota, Fungi) in a global scale, more particularly in the Agaricales. The latter includes the bulk of mushroom-forming fungi, and consists of about 10,000 species described worldwide, although many more probably exist. Several problems affect our estimates of fungal diversity and species distribution both globally and locally, particularly: (1) the scarcity of comprehensive regional or national flora, (2) the lack of modern taxonomic treatment (monographs) for most groups, and (3) the existence of many morphologically similar (cryptic) species. To help fix each of these three problems I propose to conduct the following work in the next five years: (1) Completion of a compendium of eastern Canada mushrooms based on historical records from the literature, herbaria, and other collection data, in combination with > 1,000 well-documented collections from Ontario and Quebec that were made in the last ten years and DNA-barcoded in my lab with both ITS and LSU sequences. This will produce a first realistic assessment of mushroom diversity in eastern Canada, and also, in many cases, permit taxonomic revisions in a phylogenetic context. This latter work is very well suited for multiple small projects for undergraduate students. (2) Preparation of world monographs for Amanita sections Caesarea and Vaginateae and for the genus Ganoderma in a phylogenomic framework; this will permit to infer the origin(s) and taxonomy of the eastern Canadian species belonging to these groups. Each group contains about 120 known species, many of which being either already in my possession or readily available from various sources (except material from Africa). Preliminary data indicates that a combination of 5 genes (ITS, EF1-alpha, LSU, RPB1 and RPB2) does not fully resolve phylogenetic relationships. (3) Population genomic studies and detection of cryptic species within the Amanita jacksonii species complex in North America. This species group of edible, ectomycorrhizal fungi is thought to consist of 4-5 species, but species delimitation is unclear. Members of this group are widespread in the southern U.S. and along the Appalaches. In Canada, A. jacksonii has been reported from few localities in southern Quebec, and has only been discovered recently in southern Ontario. I propose to compare whole genome sequences of at least 60 collections reprsentative of populations across the whole geographic and ecological range of this species group. To date, we have completed and annotated the genomes of two strains (one from Ontario, and one from Mexico); also, de novo collecting of fresh material is underway. This study should resolve species recognition within this species complex and shed light into speciation processes in mushrooms.

了解生物多样性的起源和分布是生物学的基础。我的研究计划的长期目标是在全球范围内调查伞形菌（担子菌门，真菌）的物种丰富度和进化关系，特别是伞菌目。后者包括大部分形成蘑菇的真菌，并由全世界描述的约 10,000 种真菌组成，尽管可能存在更多物种。 有几个问题影响我们对全球和当地真菌多样性和物种分布的估计，特别是：（1）缺乏全面的区域或国家植物区系，（2）大多数群体缺乏现代分类学处理（专着），以及（3）许多形态相似（神秘）物种的存在。为了解决这三个问题，我建议在未来五年内开展以下工作： (1) 根据文献、植物标本馆和其他收集数据的历史记录，结合过去十年中来自安大略省和魁北克省的超过 1,000 个有据可查的收集品，并在我的实验室中使用 ITS 和 LSU 序列进行 DNA 条形码，完成加拿大东部蘑菇的纲要。 这将对加拿大东部的蘑菇多样性进行首次现实评估，并且在许多情况下，允许在系统发育背景下进行分类学修订。后一项工作非常适合本科生的多个小型项目。 (2) 在系统发育框架内编写鹅膏科凯撒利亚科和阴道科以及灵芝属的世界专着；这将有助于推断属于这些类群的加拿大东部物种的起源和分类。 每组包含大约 120 个已知物种，其中许多物种要么已经在我手中，要么可以从各种来源轻松获得（来自非洲的材料除外）。 初步数据表明，5 个基因（ITS、EF1-α、LSU、RPB1 和 RPB2）的组合并不能完全解决系统发育关系。 (3) 北美鹅膏菌种群基因组研究和神秘物种检测。 该食用外生菌根真菌物种群被认为由 4-5 个物种组成，但物种界限尚不清楚。 该群体的成员广泛分布在美国南部和阿巴拉契斯山脉沿岸。在加拿大，魁北克省南部的少数地区曾报道过杰克森杰克逊，最近才在安大略省南部发现。我建议比较至少 60 个代表该物种组整个地理和生态范围内种群的集合的全基因组序列。 迄今为止，我们已经完成并注释了两种菌株的基因组（一种来自安大略省，一种来自墨西哥）；此外，新材料的从头收集工作正在进行中。这项研究应该解决该物种复合体中的物种识别问题，并揭示蘑菇的物种形成过程。