Comparative Studies of Cognitive Processes

将对老鼠、鸽子和狗进行实验，以发现这些动物的新认知过程，或进一步探索最近发现的过程。这些过程包括信息寻找、时间地图的形成和使用、通过记忆提取促进学习以及工作记忆和参考记忆在不同保持条件下的相互作用。信息寻求程度(一种元认知)将在放射状迷宫上进行研究，条件是通过操作反应(杠杆按压)获得不同的信息量。时间映射理论的预测将通过检查三个颜色键中的哪一个在会话期间对不同键在不同时间间隔产生奖励时做出反应来检验。人类记忆的最新发现表明，项目提取带来的学习与项目学习一样多。我将在鸽子中寻找这种现象，方法是在样本之后进行测试(研究组)，而不是在部分采集试验中进行测试(检索组)时，研究延迟匹配到样本的获得。工作记忆和参考记忆的相互作用将在大鼠和狗的条件下进行考察，这些条件包括不同的保留间隔，诱导主动干扰，以及将工作记忆和参考记忆置于冲突中。将进行空间记忆测试，其中一些位置总是正确的(参考记忆)，而其他位置在试验中随机变化(工作记忆)。一旦发现这些过程中的任何一个，将进行进一步的测试，以更好地了解其性质。

Rats, pigeons and dogs will be studied in experiments designed to discover new cognitive processes in these animals or to further explore only recently discovered processes. These processes are information seeking, the formation and use of temporal maps, the facilitation of learning through memory retrieval, and the interaction of working and reference memory under different retention conditions. Degree of information seeking (a type of metacognition) will be studied on a radial maze under conditions that vary the amount of information gained by making an operant response (lever pressing). Predictions from temporal mapping theory will be tested by examining which of three colored keys pigeons respond to during sessions when different keys yield reward during different time intervals. Recent findings in human memory indicate that item retrieval leads to as much learning as item study. I will search for this phenomenon in pigeons by examining the acquisition of delayed matching-to-sample when samples are followed by a test (study group) and are not followed by a test (retrieval group) on a portion of acquisition trials. The interaction of working and reference memories will be examined in rats and dogs under conditions that vary the retention interval, induce proactive interference, and place working and reference memory in conflict. Spatial memory tests will be performed in which some locations are always correct (reference memory) and others vary randomly among trials (working memory). Upon discovery of any of these processes, further tests will be carried out to better understand their nature.