An evaluation of alternate fuels for cement kilns

水泥窑替代燃料的评价

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04717
• 负责人: Gibson, Mark
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=589968
• 关键词: evaluation; alternate; fuels; cement; kilns

Diverting non-recyclable waste plastic (WP) destined for landfill presents a dual solution to both waste diversion and alternate fuel use in Canadian cement kilns. Preliminary laboratory trials estimate that there would be a significant reduction in particulate and gaseous air pollution emissions when using WP as an alternative fuel in cement kilns. However, there are major concerns by stakeholders that WP alternative fuel may produce undesirable emissions when used in cement kilns across Canada. This five year research program will include four interrelated themes: (1) the most appropriate WP alternative fuel handling methods; (2) the optimum method for delivering WP derived fuel into cement kilns (3) the impact of WP derived fuel on cement kiln stack emissions and (4) estimating the impact of these emissions on ambient air quality, communities and the environment. A combination of laboratory and field trials will be conducted to determine the optimum WP alternative fuel handling and kiln delivery method. Laboratory analysis will include the complete chemical characterization of the WP. Cement kiln stack emission characteristics will be tested at the Lafarge Canada Inc. cement plant in Brookfield, Nova Scotia, before and after WP supplemental fuel usage. Further stack testing would be completed at other cement kilns in Canada, e.g. St. Constant, Quebec. Two ambient air quality monitoring sites would be established at the Brookfield plant to determine the impact of the kiln emissions on surface air quality before and after the use of WP alternative fuel. One site would be located upwind and one downwind of the cement kiln. These two air quality sites would be relocated to other cement kilns after the emissions from the Brookfield cement plant have been characterized. The USEPA AERMOD Gaussian air dispersion, USEPA CMAQ and Land Use Regression models will be used to model community exposure to air pollution emissions from the Lafarge cement plants in Canada. The USEPA Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model will be used for the source apportionment of particulate and gaseous air emissions from the cement plants in downwind communities. In addition, remote sensing measurements from the geostationary, high spatiotemporal resolution, new NASA TEMPO satellite will also be used to track the dispersion of air pollutants from the cement kilns. Together, these state-of-the-art measurements, modelling and remote sensing methodologies will be used to estimate community exposure and impacts on the environment from emissions related to the use of non-recyclable WP as an alternative fuel source in rotary cement kilns in Canada. This research has the potential to divert WP from landfill, provide alternative energy at a reduced cost, improve air quality in downwind communities and reduce the impact of the cement industry on downwind ecosystems and ultimately helping to mitigate climate change.

将不可回收的废塑料（WP）转移到垃圾填埋场，为加拿大水泥窑的废物转移和替代燃料使用提供了双重解决方案。初步的实验室试验估计，在水泥窑中使用WP作为替代燃料，将大大减少颗粒和气态空气污染的排放。然而，利益相关者主要关注的是，在加拿大各地的水泥窑中使用WP替代燃料可能会产生不良排放。这项为期五年的研究计划将包括四个相互关联的主题：(1)最合适的WP替代燃料处理方法；(2)向水泥窑输送WP衍生燃料的最佳方法；(3)WP衍生燃料对水泥窑堆排放的影响；(4)估计这些排放对环境空气质量、社区和环境的影响。将进行实验室和现场试验相结合，以确定最佳的WP替代燃料处理和窑炉输送方法。实验室分析将包括WP的完整化学特性。在使用WP补充燃料之前和之后，将在位于新斯科舍省布鲁克菲尔德的拉法基加拿大公司水泥厂测试水泥窑堆排放特性。进一步的烟囱测试将在加拿大的其他水泥窑完成，例如魁北克的圣康斯坦特。布鲁克菲尔德工厂将建立两个环境空气质量监测点，以确定使用WP替代燃料前后窑排放对地面空气质量的影响。一个地点将位于水泥窑的上风向，另一个地点位于下风向。在布鲁克菲尔德水泥厂的排放特征被确定后，这两个空气质量站点将被搬迁到其他水泥窑。USEPA AERMOD高斯空气弥散、USEPA CMAQ和土地利用回归模型将用于模拟社区暴露于加拿大拉法基水泥厂排放的空气污染。USEPA正矩阵分解受体模型将用于下风社区水泥厂排放的颗粒和气态空气的来源分配。此外，还将利用美国国家航空航天局新的TEMPO高时空分辨率地球静止遥感测量来跟踪水泥窑空气污染物的扩散情况。这些最先进的测量、建模和遥感方法将共同用于估计加拿大旋转水泥窑中使用不可回收的WP作为替代燃料源所产生的排放对社区的暴露和对环境的影响。这项研究有可能从垃圾填埋场转移WP，以较低的成本提供替代能源，改善下风社区的空气质量，减少水泥工业对下风生态系统的影响，最终有助于减缓气候变化。