An evaluation of alternate fuels for cement kilns

水泥窑替代燃料的评价

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04717
• 负责人: Gibson, Mark
• 金额: $ 0.5万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=674573
• 关键词: evaluation; alternate; fuels; cement; kilns

Diverting non-recyclable waste plastic (WP) destined for landfill presents a dual solution to both waste diversion and alternate fuel use in Canadian cement kilns. Preliminary laboratory trials estimate that there would be a significant reduction in particulate and gaseous air pollution emissions when using WP as an alternative fuel in cement kilns. However, there are major concerns by stakeholders that WP alternative fuel may produce undesirable emissions when used in cement kilns across Canada. This five year research program will include four interrelated themes: (1) the most appropriate WP alternative fuel handling methods; (2) the optimum method for delivering WP derived fuel into cement kilns (3) the impact of WP derived fuel on cement kiln stack emissions and (4) estimating the impact of these emissions on ambient air quality, communities and the environment. A combination of laboratory and field trials will be conducted to determine the optimum WP alternative fuel handling and kiln delivery method. Laboratory analysis will include the complete chemical characterization of the WP. Cement kiln stack emission characteristics will be tested at the Lafarge Canada Inc. cement plant in Brookfield, Nova Scotia, before and after WP supplemental fuel usage. Further stack testing would be completed at other cement kilns in Canada, e.g. St. Constant, Quebec. Two ambient air quality monitoring sites would be established at the Brookfield plant to determine the impact of the kiln emissions on surface air quality before and after the use of WP alternative fuel. One site would be located upwind and one downwind of the cement kiln. These two air quality sites would be relocated to other cement kilns after the emissions from the Brookfield cement plant have been characterized. The USEPA AERMOD Gaussian air dispersion, USEPA CMAQ and Land Use Regression models will be used to model community exposure to air pollution emissions from the Lafarge cement plants in Canada. The USEPA Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model will be used for the source apportionment of particulate and gaseous air emissions from the cement plants in downwind communities. In addition, remote sensing measurements from the geostationary, high spatiotemporal resolution, new NASA TEMPO satellite will also be used to track the dispersion of air pollutants from the cement kilns. Together, these state-of-the-art measurements, modelling and remote sensing methodologies will be used to estimate community exposure and impacts on the environment from emissions related to the use of non-recyclable WP as an alternative fuel source in rotary cement kilns in Canada. This research has the potential to divert WP from landfill, provide alternative energy at a reduced cost, improve air quality in downwind communities and reduce the impact of the cement industry on downwind ecosystems and ultimately helping to mitigate climate change. **

将不可回收的废塑料 (WP) 转移到垃圾填埋场，为加拿大水泥窑的废物转移和替代燃料使用提供了双重解决方案。初步实验室试验估计，使用可湿性粉剂作为水泥窑的替代燃料时，颗粒物和气态空气污染排放量将显着减少。然而，利益相关者主要担心，WP 替代燃料在加拿大各地的水泥窑中使用时可能会产生不良排放。这个为期五年的研究计划将包括四个相互关联的主题：（1）最合适的可湿性粉剂替代燃料处理方法； (2) 将 WP 衍生燃料输送到水泥窑的最佳方法 (3) WP 衍生燃料对水泥窑烟囱排放的影响以及 (4) 估算这些排放对环境空气质量、社区和环境的影响。将进行实验室和现场试验相结合，以确定最佳的可湿性粉剂替代燃料处理和窑炉输送方法。实验室分析将包括可湿性粉剂的完整化学特性。水泥窑烟囱排放特性将在新斯科舍省布鲁克菲尔德的拉法基加拿大公司水泥厂在 WP 补充燃料使用前后进行测试。 进一步的烟囱测试将在加拿大其他水泥窑完成，例如魁北克省圣康斯坦。布鲁克菲尔德工厂将建立两个环境空气质量监测点，以确定使用可湿性粉剂替代燃料前后窑炉排放对地表空气质量的影响。一处地点位于水泥窑的上风处，一处地点位于水泥窑的下风处。在布鲁克菲尔德水泥厂的排放特征得到确定后，这两个空气质量站点将搬迁到其他水泥窑。 USEPA AERMOD 高斯空气扩散、USEPA CMAQ 和土地利用回归模型将用于模拟加拿大拉法基水泥厂空气污染排放的社区暴露情况。 USEPA 正矩阵分解受体模型将用于对下风社区水泥厂的颗粒物和气态空气排放进行源解析。此外，美国宇航局新型高时空分辨率地球静止卫星TEMPO卫星的遥感测量也将用于跟踪水泥窑空气污染物的扩散情况。这些最先进的测量、建模和遥感方法将共同用于估计与加拿大回转水泥窑使用不可回收的可湿性粉剂作为替代燃料来源相关的排放对社区的暴露和对环境的影响。这项研究有可能将WP从垃圾填埋场转移，以降低的成本提供替代能源，改善顺风社区的空气质量，减少水泥工业对顺风生态系统的影响，最终有助于缓解气候变化。 **