Runoff generation and phosphorus mobilization in agricultural landscapes

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Phosphorus (P) export from non-point sources in agriculture-dominated catchments is a global issue, and a priority area for many regions in Canada, where Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) have been observed in large lakes with increasing frequency. Despite the implementation of Beneficial Management Practices (BMPs) to reduce P loss, P loads are not decreasing and in fact are increasing in some regions. Existing models for P export and management strategies largely target rainfall event-driven surface runoff and do not effectively address winter processes and the snowmelt period. This period represents a significant gap in our scientific understanding of P mobilization in agricultural regions. In many midlatitude regions globally, the winter period is the dominant annual flux for both runoff and P. Thus, an understanding of the drivers of P loss in winter and early spring is needed.