ENERGY EXCHANGE BETWEEN FLUID AND FLAPPING/BENDING STRUCTURES

具有长而灵活的叶子或茎的水下植物通常存在于许多水生环境中，包括河流，湖泊和沿海海水。这些植物对其环境的生态健康和水质做出了许多重大贡献，包括作为避难所栖息地、食物来源、捕获和储存颗粒、减少河床沉积物侵蚀和浊度。用工程术语来说，水生植物可以定义为复合的、各向异性的、粘弹性的、高度非均质的结构。水生植物生活在流动的水中，它们承受着复杂的载荷，这些载荷通常由张力、压缩、弯曲、扭转和剪切混合而成。复杂的和规模依赖的流体-植物相互作用仍然没有很好地理解。特别是，在当前与拖动产生和拖动控制机制相关的知识中存在许多空白。

Submerged plants with long, flexible leaves or stems are commonly found in many aquatic environments, including rivers, lakes and coastal marine waters. These plants make many significant contributions to the ecological health and water quality of their environments, including acting as sanctuary habitats, sources of food, capturing and storing particulates, reducing bed sediment erosion and turbidity. Using the engineering terminology, the aquatic plants can be defined as composite, anisotropic, viscoelastic, highly heterogeneous structures. Living in flowing waters, aquatic plants experience complex loads which are often presented by a mixture of tension, compression, bending, torsion and shear. The complex and scale dependent fluid-plant interactions are still not well understood. In particular, there are many gaps in the current knowledge related to drag-generating and drag control mechanisms.