ENERGY EXCHANGE BETWEEN FLUID AND FLAPPING/BENDING STRUCTURES

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Submerged plants with long, flexible leaves or stems are commonly found in many aquatic environments, including rivers, lakes and coastal marine waters. These plants make many significant contributions to the ecological health and water quality of their environments, including acting as sanctuary habitats, sources of food, capturing and storing particulates, reducing bed sediment erosion and turbidity. Using the engineering terminology, the aquatic plants can be defined as composite, anisotropic, viscoelastic, highly heterogeneous structures. Living in flowing waters, aquatic plants experience complex loads which are often presented by a mixture of tension, compression, bending, torsion and shear. The complex and scale dependent fluid-plant interactions are still not well understood. In particular, there are many gaps in the current knowledge related to drag-generating and drag control mechanisms.