Sensory Information Processing: Sensory-Cognitive Interactions

感觉信息处理：感觉认知交互

• 批准号: 9952-2013
• 负责人: Schneider, Bruce
• 金额: $ 3.42万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=592984
• 关键词: Sensory; Information; Processing; Cognitive; Interactions

Imagine meeting a friend for lunch at a popular restaurant. Quite likely there is music playing in the background, as well as a babble of voiced coming from the people eating lunch at nearby tables. To make matters worse, the couple seated at the table next to you, whom you do not know, are discussing an event that took place at your daughter's school, and may have involved her. As a result, you find it very difficult to concentrate on what your friend is saying for two reasons. First, the shear volume of sound makes it difficult to hear your friend's voice. Second, neighboring conversations that are intelligible (you can actually make out what they are saying) interfere with your attempts to remain focused on what your friend is saying because bits and pieces of their conversations keep intruding into your consciousness. Hence, your ability to communicate in such situations will depend on how well your auditory system can extract your friend's voice from the volume of noise in the background, as well as your ability to ignore any bits of other people's conversation that are interfering with your concentration at a cognitive level. The goal of this grant is to understand how people manage to function in such environments. Previous research has shown that people who are listening in their second language find such situations much more difficult than those listening in their first language. This is a serious problem in Canada given the number of people for whom English or French is a second language. The research proposed here is aimed at finding out the reasons for this added difficulty with the eventual goal of ameliorating the difficulties that people who are functioning in their second language experience.

想象一下，和朋友在一家很受欢迎的餐厅共进午餐。很有可能是背景音乐在播放，也有可能是附近餐桌上吃午饭的人的说话声。更糟糕的是，坐在你旁边的那对你不认识的夫妇正在讨论发生在你女儿学校的一件事，可能和她有关。结果，你发现很难集中精力听朋友说话，原因有两个。首先，声音的剪切量使你很难听到你朋友的声音。其次，邻座的对话是可以理解的（你实际上可以听懂他们在说什么），这会干扰你集中注意力听朋友说话的努力，因为他们谈话的点点滴滴会不断侵入你的意识。因此，你在这种情况下的沟通能力将取决于你的听觉系统从背景噪音中提取朋友声音的能力，以及你忽略任何干扰你注意力的其他人谈话的能力。这项拨款的目的是了解人们如何在这样的环境中发挥作用。先前的研究表明，用第二语言听的人比用第一语言听的人更容易遇到这种情况。考虑到以英语或法语为第二语言的加拿大人的数量，这是一个严重的问题。这里提出的研究旨在找出这种额外困难的原因，最终目标是改善人们在第二语言体验中所遇到的困难。