Studies in sensory information processing: sensory-cognitive interactions

感觉信息处理研究：感觉认知相互作用

• 批准号: 9952-2008
• 负责人: Schneider, Bruce
• 金额: $ 4.73万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=513385
• 关键词: Studies; sensory; information; processing; cognitive

Sensory systems are designed to extract information relevant to the perceiver's survival from a background that is often complex and noisy. Consider the task facing a person who is attempting to listen to a companion when they are walking together down a busy and noisy street. The companion's speech is but one component of the auditory scene. To perceive, understand, and respond to the speech signal, the listener must not only "pull out" the words and sentences from the background noise, she or he must determine their meaning, relate the information obtained to past experience and world knowledge, and then formulate an appropriate response. All this must be done while also using the visual information to guide one's path while walking so as to avoid obstacles, some of them potentially lethal. To accomplish this feat, the perceptual systems employ a number of signal-processing strategies to reduce background noise. First, the auditory system identifies and locates sources of sound and then links them to the appropriate visual object. Once the system has focussed in on one of these sources (the companion's voice) it filters out most of the high frequencies in the auditory scene, such as those produced by a streetcar or horn and suppresses information coming from irrelevant sources (other voices). It also "boosts" the gain on the companion's signal. One part of this proposal studies how the auditory system identifies and locates sound sources. Another part focusses on how the auditory system enhances one source relative to others.

感官系统被设计为从通常复杂和嘈杂的背景中提取与感知者的生存相关的信息。考虑一个人所面临的任务，当他和一个同伴一起走在一条忙碌嘈杂的街道上时，他试图倾听同伴的声音。 同伴的言语只是听觉场景的一个组成部分。 为了感知、理解和回应语音信号，听者不仅要从背景噪音中“提取”出单词和句子，还必须确定它们的含义，将获得的信息与过去的经验和世界知识联系起来，然后制定适当的回应。 所有这一切都必须做到，同时也使用视觉信息来指导一个人的路径，而步行，以避免障碍物，其中一些可能是致命的。 为了实现这一壮举，感知系统采用了许多信号处理策略来减少背景噪声。 首先，听觉系统识别和定位声源，然后将它们与适当的视觉对象联系起来。 一旦系统集中在这些来源之一（同伴的声音）上，它就会过滤掉听觉场景中的大部分高频，例如有轨电车或喇叭产生的高频，并抑制来自无关来源（其他声音）的信息。 它还能“提高”伴星信号的增益。 该提案的一部分研究了听觉系统如何识别和定位声源。 另一部分集中在听觉系统如何增强一个相对于其他来源。