Oligomolecular Tagging for Food Traceability and Authenticity Determination

用于食品追溯和真伪判定的寡分子标签

• 批准号: 36675-2012
• 负责人: Low, Nicholas
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=593029
• 关键词: Oligomolecular; Tagging; Food; Traceability; Authenticity

The adulteration of foods takes many forms, from geographical origin (e.g. coffee grown in Mexico labeled as Columbian) to debasing (e.g. adding less expensive carbohydrate sources to a carbohydrate rich food, such as fruit juices). It is estimated that 5-10% of foods sold commercially are adulterated. With the commercial value of foods in Canada in 2009 estimated at $70 billion, adulteration is a fraudulent practice of significant economic impact. Economic impacts include the damage to industry reputation and losses in market share, recall costs, and public health costs due to illness and/or death. The recent (2008) 'melamine incident' affected 290,000 consumers worldwide, cost over $10 billion and resulted in six deaths. Governments and food industry responses include the implementation of traceability procedures to aid in ensuring food safety and integrity, and by imposing stricter 'rules of origin' labeling requirements. Enforcing rules of origin labeling regulations, however, is difficult without credible methods of establishing traceability and authenticity. Traceability is defined as the ability to track a product batch and its history through the whole, or part, of a production chain from harvest through transport, storage, processing, distribution and sales. Currently, coding systems such as the EAN-UCC system by GS1 are internationally recommended for the identification of product specifications such as, the manufacturer, lot number, and production, packaging and expiration dates. These standards are characterized by two significant weaknesses. First, they are an external labeling system that can be readily removed or manipulated. In addition, the product can be wholly substituted or debased without detection. Second, they do not automatically produce a comprehensive traceability system for any given product so that separate analyses are required. Molecular tagging of foods/ingredients with characterized oligosaccharides or synthetic oligonucleotides, as proposed in this research has the potential to be more applicable and cost efficient as a food tracing and first stage authenticity system.

食品掺假有多种形式，从地理来源（例如，在墨西哥种植的咖啡，标记为哥伦比亚咖啡）到贬低（例如，在富含碳水化合物的食物（例如果汁）中添加较便宜的碳水化合物来源）。据估计，商业销售的食品中有 5-10% 是掺假的。 2009 年加拿大食品的商业价值估计为 700 亿加元，掺假是一种具有重大经济影响的欺诈行为。经济影响包括行业声誉受损、市场份额损失、召回成本以及因疾病和/或死亡而造成的公共卫生成本。最近（2008 年）的“三聚氰胺事件”影响了全球 290,000 名消费者，损失超过 100 亿美元，并导致 6 人死亡。政府和食品行业的应对措施包括实施可追溯程序以帮助确保食品安全和完整性，并实施更严格的“原产地规则”标签要求。然而，如果没有可靠的方法来建立可追溯性和真实性，执行原产地标签法规就很困难。可追溯性被定义为在从收获到运输、储存、加工、分销和销售的整个或部分生产链中跟踪产品批次及其历史的能力。目前，国际上推荐使用 GS1 的 EAN-UCC 系统等编码系统来识别产品规格，例如制造商、批号、生产、包装和有效期。这些标准有两个明显的弱点。首先，它们是一个外部标签系统，可以轻松移除或操作。此外，该产品可以在不被发现的情况下被完全取代或降低。其次，它们不会自动为任何给定产品生成全面的可追溯系统，因此需要单独分析。正如本研究中提出的，用特征性寡糖或合成寡核苷酸对食品/成分进行分子标记，作为食品追踪和第一阶段真实性系统，有可能更适用且更具成本效益。