The relationship between membrane and foulant in filtration of high DOC and hardness waters

加拿大的许多供水设施不能满足关于可能致癌的氯消毒副产品--三卤甲烷(THMS)的规定。纳滤作为一种能满足日益严格的水质法规和THMS标准的方法，已被广泛应用于饮用水处理中。然而，这种方法的一个主要问题是纳滤器污染，粗略地定义为由于在膜表面形成不想要的沉积物(即污染层)而造成的性能损失和工厂运行成本的增加。许多地表水源，特别是在加拿大大草原，含有高浓度的主要膜污染物。因此，了解污垢和污垢控制的机理对于该地区的水处理系统的设计者和拥有者来说是非常重要的。拟议研究的总体目标是通过延长膜系统的运行寿命来控制膜污染并显著降低膜系统的运行成本。

Many water facilities in Canada are not able to meet the regulations governing potentially carcinogenic chlorine disinfection by-products- Trihalomethanes (THMs). Nanofiltration has become widely used in potable water treatment as a method that can meet increasingly stringent water quality regulations and THMs standards. However, a major problem with this approach is nanofilter fouling, which is loosely defined as the loss of performance and increase in plant operation cost due to formation of undesirable deposits (i.e. fouling layer) on the membrane surface. Many surface water sources, especially in the Canadian Prairies, contain major membrane foulants in high concentrations. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of fouling and fouling control is of utmost interest to the designers and owners of water treatment systems located in this region. The overall objective of the proposed research is to control membrane fouling and significantly reduce operating costs of membrane systems by increasing their operational life.