Membrane Filtration of Challenging Surface Waters- Design of Pre-treatment Based on the Structure of Membrane Fouling Layer

挑战性地表水的膜过滤——基于膜污垢层结构的预处理设计

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05957
• 负责人: Gorczyca, Beata
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=679840
• 关键词: Membrane; Filtration; Challenging; Surface; Waters

Many water facilities in Canada are under boil water advisories because their municipal water is not safe to drink; numerous water treatment plants are not able to meet the potentially carcinogenic chlorine disinfection by-products (THMs) regulations. This project is a part of a global strategy to improve water quality and decrease THMs by the use of membrane technology. Nanofiltration (NF) has become widely used in potable water treatment as a method that can meet increasingly stringent water quality regulations and THMs standards.****However, a major problem with this approach is NF fouling, which is loosely defined as the loss of performance and increase in plant operation cost due to formation of undesirable deposits (i.e. fouling layer) on the membrane surface.****Given that many surface water sources in Canada contain major membrane foulants in high concentrations, understanding the mechanism of fouling and fouling control is of utmost interest to the designers and owners of water treatment systems.****The overall objective of the proposed research is to control membrane fouling and significantly reduce operating costs of membrane systems by increasing their operational life.****In this proposal, I will address two sub-objectives that will help to advance my overall research program: 1) study fouling mechanisms using new membrane autopsy methods that are applicable to membranes used for filtration of challenging surface waters, and 2) design a customizable pre-treatment process that will lead to the formation of a fouling layer with high permeability to minimize fouling.****Two doctoral, three masters and a number of undergraduate students will be trained during this research. These students will have a unique set of skills that is urgently needed in the Canadian water treatment industry, particularly in applications where membranes are being used to produce drinking water. The graduate students will be trained on the application of leading edge technologies such as, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy with an Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) for water treatment.****Control of membrane filter fouling will increase filter life, which will result in millions of dollars in savings each year to individual municipalities and water co-operatives. Currently, owners of Canadian plants operating on waters most challenging to membrane filtration consult with international companies on membrane autopsies and methods to reduce membrane fouling. This research will provide targeted strategies to minimize fouling of membranes operating on Canadian waters.************

加拿大的许多供水设施都处于沸水供水系统之下，因为他们的市政水不能安全饮用;许多水处理厂无法满足潜在致癌的氯消毒副产品（THMs）法规。 该项目是通过使用膜技术改善水质和减少THMs的全球战略的一部分。 纳滤（NF）作为一种可以满足日益严格的水质法规和THMs标准的方法，已广泛用于饮用水处理。然而，这种方法的一个主要问题是NF结垢，其被宽泛地定义为由于在膜表面上形成不期望的沉积物（即结垢层）而导致的性能损失和工厂操作成本增加。鉴于加拿大的许多地表水源含有高浓度的主要膜污染物，了解污染和污染控制的机制对水处理系统的设计者和所有者至关重要。拟议研究的总体目标是控制膜污染，并通过延长膜系统的运行寿命来显著降低其运行成本。*在本提案中，我将解决两个子目标，这将有助于推进我的整体研究计划：1）使用适用于过滤具有挑战性的表面沃茨的膜的新膜解剖方法研究污染机制，以及2）设计可定制的预处理工艺，该工艺将导致形成具有高渗透性的污染层，以最大限度地减少污染。本研究期间将培养两名博士生、三名硕士生和一些本科生。 这些学生将拥有加拿大水处理行业迫切需要的一套独特的技能，特别是在膜用于生产饮用水的应用中。 研究生将接受前沿技术应用的培训，如小角中子散射（SANS）和傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱与衰减全反射（ATR）用于水处理。控制膜过滤器结垢将延长过滤器寿命，这将导致每年为各个市政当局和水合作社节省数百万美元。 目前，在对膜过滤最具挑战性的沃茨上运营的加拿大工厂的所有者与国际公司就膜解剖和减少膜污染的方法进行磋商。 这项研究将提供有针对性的战略，以尽量减少污染的膜上运行的加拿大沃茨。*