Secure, self-organized, self-powered networks of low-energy proximity beacons

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Smart city providers are looking to the Internet of Things (IoT) to improve citywide services such as trash collection, smart parking, smart streetlights, water meters, water leak detectors, and more. Many smart city applications rely on the use of Bluetooth beacons, which are sensors that detect events or changes in the environment (e.g., temperature, light, or motion) and send corresponding outputs via Bluetooth connections. As such, Bluetooth beacons are a natural fit in many other smart city applications such as mobile payments, proximity advertising, and indoor navigation. The proposed research provides innovative solutions towards implementing smart city applications, and consists of three interconnected projects: (1) remote management of Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacons via a self-organized network, (2) security provisioning for BLE beacons and their networks, and (3) power supply and optimization for BLE beacon networks. In particular, we will design and implement innovative methods to network and remotely manage beacons so that they can be connected to and updated via the Internet. Such a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) is designed to be self-organized and self-managed with minimal human intervention to minimize operating and maintenance costs. In addition, we will implement security methods to prevent attacks on beacons such as beacon identity