Secure, self-organized, self-powered networks of low-energy proximity beacons

智慧城市供应商正在寻求物联网（IoT）来改善城市范围内的服务，如垃圾收集、智能停车、智能路灯、水表、漏水探测器等。许多智慧城市应用依赖于蓝牙信标的使用，蓝牙信标是检测环境事件或变化（例如，温度、光线或运动）的传感器，并通过蓝牙连接发送相应的输出。因此，蓝牙信标自然适合许多其他智能城市应用，如移动支付、邻近广告和室内导航。本研究为实现智慧城市应用提供了创新的解决方案，包括三个相互关联的项目：(1)通过自组织网络对蓝牙低功耗（BLE）信标进行远程管理，(2)为BLE信标及其网络提供安全保障，(3)为BLE信标网络提供电源和优化。特别是，我们将设计和实施创新的方法来联网和远程管理信标，以便它们可以通过互联网连接和更新。这种低功耗广域网（LPWAN）被设计为自组织和自我管理，人工干预最少，以最大限度地降低运营和维护成本。此外，我们将实施安全措施，以防止对信标身份等信标的攻击

Smart city providers are looking to the Internet of Things (IoT) to improve citywide services such as trash collection, smart parking, smart streetlights, water meters, water leak detectors, and more. Many smart city applications rely on the use of Bluetooth beacons, which are sensors that detect events or changes in the environment (e.g., temperature, light, or motion) and send corresponding outputs via Bluetooth connections. As such, Bluetooth beacons are a natural fit in many other smart city applications such as mobile payments, proximity advertising, and indoor navigation. The proposed research provides innovative solutions towards implementing smart city applications, and consists of three interconnected projects: (1) remote management of Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacons via a self-organized network, (2) security provisioning for BLE beacons and their networks, and (3) power supply and optimization for BLE beacon networks. In particular, we will design and implement innovative methods to network and remotely manage beacons so that they can be connected to and updated via the Internet. Such a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) is designed to be self-organized and self-managed with minimal human intervention to minimize operating and maintenance costs. In addition, we will implement security methods to prevent attacks on beacons such as beacon identity