Interpreting Satellite Observations of Atmospheric Composition to Understand Air Quality and Climate Processes

解释大气成分的卫星观测以了解空气质量和气候过程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04656
• 负责人: Martin, Randall
• 金额: $ 5.25万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=611166
• 关键词: Interpreting; Satellite; Observations; Atmospheric; Composition

Pressing scientific questions in air quality and climate will be addressed using a combination of satellite observations, ground-based measurements, and a global three-dimensional model of atmospheric composition. Emphasis will be placed on quantitative interpretation of satellite observations of atmospheric particles, ozone, and their precursors in the troposphere (lowest 12-17 km of the atmosphere). Atmospheric particles degrade health and visibility, and have highly uncertain effects on climate. Tropospheric ozone is a major greenhouse gas, is a major pollutant, and largely controls the breakdown of other pollutants. Both tropospheric ozone and atmospheric particles can be produced locally and can be transported from afar. Precursors for atmospheric particles and tropospheric ozone include nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide which are emitted from combustion. Specific objectives of the research program include 1) evaluate and improve simulations of precursors of atmospheric particles and ozone through comparison with satellite and ground-based measurements, 2) enhance the representation of atmospheric particle processes in global models, and 3) develop improved satellite-based estimates of global ground-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for air quality and health applications. Achieving these objectives would reduce uncertainty in critical atmospheric processes that impair current efforts to improve air quality and respond to climate change.

空气质量和气候方面紧迫的科学问题将通过卫星观测、地面测量和全球大气成分三维模型相结合的方式加以解决。重点将放在对对流层（大气层最低12-17公里）大气颗粒、臭氧及其前体的卫星观测的定量解释上。大气颗粒物降低健康和能见度，对气候的影响具有高度不确定性。对流层臭氧是一种主要的温室气体，是一种主要的污染物，并在很大程度上控制着其他污染物的分解。对流层臭氧和大气颗粒物都可以在当地产生，也可以从远处输送。大气颗粒物和对流层臭氧的前体包括燃烧排放的氮氧化物和二氧化硫。该研究计划的具体目标包括：1）通过与卫星和地面测量结果的比较，评估和改进大气颗粒物和臭氧前体的模拟; 2）提高全球模型中大气颗粒物过程的代表性; 3）开发改进的基于卫星的全球地面细颗粒物（PM2.5）估计，用于空气质量和健康应用。实现这些目标将减少影响目前改善空气质量和应对气候变化努力的关键大气过程的不确定性。