The development of kinematic and kinetic multisegment foot models for gait analysis

用于步态分析的运动学和动力学多段足模型的开发

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05109
• 负责人: Chester, Victoria
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=611447
• 关键词: development; kinematic; kinetic; multisegment; foot

The measurement of human musculoskeletal motion and forces using motion capture systems and mechanical models has been routinely used in research for many years. To date, most gait research has modeled the foot as a single rigid segment consisting of two rotational degrees of freedom, or as a vector with one degree of freedom. These simplistic models limit our understanding of the very complex multi-joint structure of the foot. To increase our knowledge of the mechanics of the typical and atypical foot, multisegment mechanical models of the foot have recently been developed. These models divide the foot into multiple compartments or segments allowing the relative motion between segments to be measured. To date, most multisegment foot models have been kinematic in nature. The number of segments used and the locations of reflective markers vary greatly across these models. Further differences can be found in the location and orientation of anatomical reference frames and the methods used to compute angles. This lack of standardization makes it difficult to compare across studies. A comparative study of multiple foot models would provide insight on optimal methods of defining and analyzing the mechanics of the foot. To date, few comparative studies of multiple foot models exist and a greater consistency in the methodological design of foot models is required. Only 5 studies have examined kinetic multisegment foot models. Multisegment kinetic models may provide greater insight into typical and atypical foot mechanics. These studies have been limited by small sample sizes, varying foot models, and technological limitations. For example, great controversy exists over the best way to simultaneously measure shear forces, vertical forces, and pressure during gait (i.e. force plates do not provide information on the location of the foot or the distribution of load under the foot). In contrast, pressure mats provide data on foot location, load distribution, and vertical reaction forces but do not quantify shear force in the anteroposterior or mediolateral directions). Studies that compare various means of obtaining kinetic data using force plates versus force plates and pressure mats could provide important information on the effects of the underlying assumptions of current kinetic models. As multisegment foot research is a relatively new field in biomechanics, the factors that affect foot motion are also not well understood. Very little research exists on the effects of age, walking speed, gender, and arch type on multisegment foot mechanics during gait. In addition, modeling and technological issues must be addressed in order for these models to be used extensively in research. As the foot aids in shock absorption and provides a base of support and propulsive power during walking, it is essential that researchers gain a greater understanding of the role of this complex segment. The long-term goals of this research program are to: 1) establish optimal foot mechanical models and force measurement techniques, and 2) increase our understanding of foot mechanics in typical populations. This work has four short-term objectives: 1) to examine the effects of 3 multisegment foot models on kinematic and kinetic gait measures, 2) to compare joint kinetics computed using force plates versus force/pressure mats for the 3 multisegment foot models, 3) to examine the effects of age, gender, and arch type on multisegment foot mechanics during gait, and 4) to examine the effects of walking speed on multisegment foot mechanics during gait.

使用动作捕捉系统和机械模型测量人体肌肉骨骼运动和力已在研究中常规使用多年。迄今为止，大多数步态研究都将足部建模为由两个旋转自由度组成的单个刚性部分，或者作为具有一个自由度的矢量。这些简单的模型限制了我们对足部非常复杂的多关节结构的理解。为了增加我们对典型和非典型足部力学的知识，最近开发了足部的多段力学模型。这些模型将脚分成多个隔间或部分，允许测量部分之间的相对运动。迄今为止，大多数多段足部模型本质上是运动学的。这些车型使用的分段数量和反射标记的位置差别很大。进一步的差异可以在解剖参考系的位置和方向以及用于计算角度的方法中找到。由于缺乏标准化，很难对不同的研究进行比较。多种足部模型的比较研究将为定义和分析足部力学的最佳方法提供见解。迄今为止，对多种足部模型的比较研究很少，需要在足部模型的方法设计上有更大的一致性。