The development of kinematic and kinetic multisegment foot models for gait analysis

用于步态分析的运动学和动力学多段足模型的开发

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05109
• 负责人: Chester, Victoria
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=708276
• 关键词: development; kinematic; kinetic; multisegment; foot

The measurement of human musculoskeletal motion and forces using motion capture systems and mechanical models has been routinely used in research for many years. To date, most gait research has modeled the foot as a single rigid segment consisting of two rotational degrees of freedom, or as a vector with one degree of freedom. These simplistic models limit our understanding of the very complex multi-joint structure of the foot. To increase our knowledge of the mechanics of the typical and atypical foot, multisegment mechanical models of the foot have recently been developed. These models divide the foot into multiple compartments or segments allowing the relative motion between segments to be measured. To date, most multisegment foot models have been kinematic in nature. The number of segments used and the locations of reflective markers vary greatly across these models. Further differences can be found in the location and orientation of anatomical reference frames and the methods used to compute angles. This lack of standardization makes it difficult to compare across studies. A comparative study of multiple foot models would provide insight on optimal methods of defining and analyzing the mechanics of the foot. To date, few comparative studies of multiple foot models exist and a greater consistency in the methodological design of foot models is required. Only 5 studies have examined kinetic multisegment foot models. Multisegment kinetic models may provide greater insight into typical and atypical foot mechanics. These studies have been limited by small sample sizes, varying foot models, and technological limitations. For example, great controversy exists over the best way to simultaneously measure shear forces, vertical forces, and pressure during gait (i.e. force plates do not provide information on the location of the foot or the distribution of load under the foot). In contrast, pressure mats provide data on foot location, load distribution, and vertical reaction forces but do not quantify shear force in the anteroposterior or mediolateral directions). Studies that compare various means of obtaining kinetic data using force plates versus force plates and pressure mats could provide important information on the effects of the underlying assumptions of current kinetic models. As multisegment foot research is a relatively new field in biomechanics, the factors that affect foot motion are also not well understood. Very little research exists on the effects of age, walking speed, gender, and arch type on multisegment foot mechanics during gait. In addition, modeling and technological issues must be addressed in order for these models to be used extensively in research. As the foot aids in shock absorption and provides a base of support and propulsive power during walking, it is essential that researchers gain a greater understanding of the role of this complex segment. The long-term goals of this research program are to: 1) establish optimal foot mechanical models and force measurement techniques, and 2) increase our understanding of foot mechanics in typical populations. This work has four short-term objectives: 1) to examine the effects of 3 multisegment foot models on kinematic and kinetic gait measures, 2) to compare joint kinetics computed using force plates versus force/pressure mats for the 3 multisegment foot models, 3) to examine the effects of age, gender, and arch type on multisegment foot mechanics during gait, and 4) to examine the effects of walking speed on multisegment foot mechanics during gait.

使用运动捕捉系统和力学模型测量人体肌肉骨骼运动和力已经在研究中常规使用多年。 迄今为止，大多数步态研究都将脚建模为由两个旋转自由度组成的单个刚性段，或者建模为具有一个自由度的向量。 这些简单的模型限制了我们对足部非常复杂的多关节结构的理解。 为了增加我们对典型和非典型足部力学的了解，最近开发了足部的多节段力学模型。 这些模型将脚分成多个隔室或段，允许测量段之间的相对运动。 迄今为止，大多数多节足模型在本质上是运动学的。在这些模型中，使用的段数和反射标记的位置差异很大。在解剖参考框架的位置和方向以及用于计算角度的方法中可以发现进一步的差异。 这种缺乏标准化的情况使得很难进行跨研究的比较。 对多个足部模型的比较研究将为定义和分析足部力学的最佳方法提供见解。 到目前为止，很少有多个脚模型的比较研究存在和更大的一致性，在方法设计的脚模型是必需的。 只有5项研究检查了动力学多节足模型。 多节段动力学模型可以提供对典型和非典型足部力学的更深入的了解。这些研究受到样本量小、不同足部模型和技术限制的限制。 例如，在步态期间同时测量剪切力、垂直力和压力的最佳方式存在很大争议（即测力板不提供关于足部位置或足部下载荷分布的信息）。 相比之下，压力垫提供了关于足部位置、载荷分布和垂直反作用力的数据，但没有量化前后或内外侧方向上的剪切力。比较使用测力板与测力板和压力垫获得动力学数据的各种方法的研究可以提供关于当前动力学模型基本假设的影响的重要信息。 由于多节足的研究是生物力学中一个相对较新的领域，影响足部运动的因素也没有得到很好的理解。 关于年龄、步行速度、性别和足弓类型对步态中多节段足力学的影响的研究很少。 此外，建模和技术问题必须得到解决，以便这些模型被广泛用于研究。 由于脚有助于减震，并在行走过程中提供支撑和推进力的基础，因此研究人员必须更好地了解这个复杂部分的作用。 本研究计划的长期目标是：1）建立最佳的足部力学模型和力测量技术，2）增加我们对典型人群足部力学的理解。 这项工作有四个短期目标：1）检查3个多节段足模型对运动学和动力学步态测量的影响，2）比较使用3个多节段足模型的力板与力/压力垫计算的关节动力学，3）检查年龄、性别和足弓类型对步态期间多节段足力学的影响，（4）研究步行速度对步态中多节足力学的影响。