Synchrotron X-ray Studies on Atomic and Electronic Structure of Matter: Li-ion Battery Cathode Materials

物质原子和电子结构的同步加速器X射线研究：锂离子电池正极材料

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03813
• 负责人: Jiang, DeTong
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=612588
• 关键词: Synchrotron; ray; Studies; Atomic; Electronic

The importance of energy in portable stored form to any modern society can be easily appreciated from the need for powering the ever increasingly popular portable electronics (using stored chemical energy) to automobiles (using stored fossil fuel). However, the environmental impact and the finite supply of the portable energy acquired from burning fossil fuels have caused concerns about the sustainability of the current development mode. On the other hand, it is recognized that the clean and renewable energy sources (solar radiation, wind, and waves etc.) are variable in time and diffuse in space, therefore these sources require energy storage for efficient usage. Lithium-ion battery technology has dominated the portable stored energy supply for portable electronics and now it faces the challenge for powering effective HEVs and EVs. Higher energy density lithium-ion battering will be needed to fullfil such need and to this end the importance of cathode material has been widely recognized. In this research we propose to study the structural properties of orthosilictes cathode material Li2MSiO4 (M=Fe, Mn, Co or mixture) which have a theoretical energy capacity significantly higher than that of the more developed or commercialized cathode materials such as the layered oxides LiMO2 (M=Co, Mn, Ni or mixture), spinel oxides LiM2O4 (M=Mn, Ni or mixture), and olivine phosphates LiFePO4. However to reach that potential means to be able to reversibly extract/insert more than one lithium ions from/into per cation unit while maintaining the nanocomposite structural integrity. The challenge of engineering the nanocomposite structure to overcome some of the fundamental destabilizing quantum mechanical effects is what motivates the proposed research. In the proposed research, we aim to contribute to the knowledge of atomic and electronic structure of nanocomposites made from members of the orthosilicate family, Li2MSiO4 (M=Fe, Mn or a mix of the two), for a fundamental understanding of the electrochemistry of such nanomaterials. We will be using a suite of synchrotron radiation techniques to carry out in situ and ex situ measurements of the nanomaterials and developing relevant analysis methods to correlate the structural information such as metal oxidation states, site coordination and symmetry, nanocrystalline phase and phase transition sequence, and interface states/structure to provide a coherent understanding of the electrochemistry behaviour of the lithium-ion battery cathode materials. Structural information to be acquired from the proposed research will be crucial to the synthesis chemists, nanoscientists and materials scientists to fabricate the next generation of high energy density rechargeable lithium-batteries for the electrical vehicles of the future.

便携式存储形式的能量对任何现代社会的重要性可以从为日益流行的便携式电子设备（使用存储的化学能）到汽车（使用存储的化石燃料）供电的需求中容易地理解。然而，环境影响和从燃烧化石燃料中获得的便携式能源供应有限，引起了人们对目前发展模式可持续性的关切。另一方面，人们认识到，清洁和可再生能源（太阳辐射、风和海浪等）在时间上是可变的并且在空间上是扩散的，因此这些源需要能量存储以用于有效使用。锂离子电池技术已经主导了便携式电子产品的便携式储能供应，现在它面临着为高效的HEV和EV供电的挑战。将需要更高能量密度的锂离子电池来满足这种需求，并且为此，阴极材料的重要性已被广泛认识到。在这项研究中，我们建议研究正硅酸盐正极材料Li 2 MSiO 4（M=Fe，Mn，Co或混合物）的结构特性，其理论能量容量显著高于更发达或商业化的正极材料，如层状氧化物LiMO 2（M=Co，Mn，Ni或混合物），尖晶石氧化物LiM 2 O 4（M=Mn，Ni或混合物），橄榄石磷酸盐LiFePO 4。然而，达到该潜力意味着能够从每个阳离子单元可逆地提取/插入多于一个锂离子，同时保持纳米复合材料结构完整性。工程纳米复合材料结构的挑战，以克服一些基本的不稳定量子力学效应是什么动机提出的研究。在拟议的研究中，我们的目标是有助于原子和电子结构的纳米复合材料的知识，由原硅酸盐家族的成员，Li 2 MSiO 4（M=Fe，Mn或两者的混合物），为基本了解这种纳米材料的电化学。我们将使用一套同步辐射技术来进行纳米材料的原位和非原位测量，并开发相关的分析方法来关联结构信息，如金属氧化态，位点配位和对称性，纳米晶相和相变序列，以及界面状态/结构，以提供对锂离子电池阴极材料电化学行为的连贯理解。从拟议的研究中获得的结构信息将对合成化学家，纳米科学家和材料科学家至关重要，以便为未来的电动汽车制造下一代高能量密度可充电锂电池。