Thermochemical processing of solid waste at high temperature and high pressure to produce high-value products and energy

高温高压下对固体废物进行热化学处理，生产高价值产品和能源

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-03885
• 负责人: Chaouki, Jamal
• 金额: $ 4.15万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=612633
• 关键词: Thermochemical; processing; solid; waste; temperature

Canadians are among the greatest producers of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the World with 777 kg of MSW per capita disposed in 2008 (Statistics Canada [2008]). Only 25% of these MSW are recycled and approximately 3% are converted to heat and electricity in incinerators. Landfills are still used as the primary means for waste disposal, which represents an environmental concern due to leachate and landfill gas emissions, which only 80% can be captured in best cases. Non-residential waste production is also a concern as it accounted for two-thirds of total waste production in Canada. Furthermore, waste management is a global concern considering that the World’s MSW production rate is expected to grow from 1.3 billion tons/year in 2012 to 2.2 billion tonnes/year in 2025 and to 4.2 billion tons/year in 2050 (World Bank report [2012]). In a context of depleting reserves of conventional and easily processable resources as well as increasing stringent environmental regulations, Canadians would greatly benefit from a better utilization and valorization of waste. It would improve Canada’s environmental performance, offer new revenue streams for its industries and make its industries more competitive. To utilize and valorize waste, recycling is not always technically and economically possible due to cross-contamination and limitations of waste separation processes. Waste-to-energy (WTE) and waste-to-chemicals processes are promising avenues for waste utilization and valorization. Currently, incineration is the most widely used WTE technology, but it has a limited potential for waste valorization considering that it only generates heat and electricity, it has a low efficiency (13-24 %) and it produces pollutant emissions (SOx, NOx, UHCs, VOCs, dioxins, furans and PM). Pyrolysis and gasification are promising technologies to increase WTE process efficiencies and convert waste into high-value chemicals. Current research on waste gasification and pyrolysis is mostly performed at ambient pressure and temperatures in the range of 400°C-1000°C. Operating these processes at high pressure and high temperature (HP-HT) may offer some significant advantages: (1) reduction of the fixed capital costs due to the elimination of downstream equipment (compressors), (2) reduced reactor and piping dimensions due to increased reaction rates, (3) increased process efficiency, etc. However, there is a lack of experimental research at high pressure and high temperature (HP-HT) and it remains a relatively unexplored area of research. The present proposal is intended to generate novel knowledge on the pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion experiments of solid waste materials at high temperatures (400°C-1600°C) and high pressures (1-30 atm) (HT-HP).

加拿大是世界上最大的城市固体废物（MSW）生产国之一，2008年人均处置的MSW为777公斤（加拿大统计局[2008]）。这些城市生活垃圾中只有25%被回收利用，大约3%在焚化炉中转化为热能和电能。堆填区仍是废物处置的主要方式，由于渗滤液和堆填气体的排放，这是一个环境问题，在最好的情况下，只有80%的废物可以被收集。非住宅废物的产生也是一个令人关注的问题，因为它占加拿大废物生产总量的三分之二。此外，考虑到世界城市生活垃圾的产量预计将从2012年的13亿吨/年增长到2025年的22亿吨/年和2050年的42亿吨/年，废物管理是一个全球关注的问题（世界银行报告[2012]）。