Radio Wave Scattering from Rough Surfaces -- Theory and Application to Ocean Remote Sensing with HF and Marine Radar

粗糙表面的无线电波散射——高频和海洋雷达海洋遥感的理论与应用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05289
• 负责人: Gill, Eric
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=613461
• 关键词: Radio; Wave; Scattering; Rough; Surfaces

Over the last 40 years, radars of various kinds have become important in novel ocean remote sensing applications. In this context, high frequency surface wave radars (HFSWRs), operating in the 3 to 30 MHz frequency band (wavelengths of 10 to 100 metres), have been successfully employed, and, more recently, X-band nautical radars, ranging in frequency from about 8 to 12 GHz (wavelengths of about 4 to 10 centimetres), have been similarly used. For HF signals, the ocean surface acts as a good conductor, and the transmitted radiation travels well beyond the line-of-sight horizon, scattering from ocean waves and objects, such as ships, ice and icebergs, and low-flying aircraft, on and near the surface. Since the early 1980s, Memorial University (MUN) researchers, supported by NSERC, the offshore oil industry and various government agencies, have been addressing the challenges associated with modelling this many-faceted scattering process. The continued development of these models is critical to enhancing techniques used to extract information, such as waveheights, surface currents and target velocities, from the received signals. Since 2000, the radar team continues to extend its analysis from the monostatic case (co-location of transmitter and receiver), to include the bistatic mode, in which the radar transmitters and receivers may be widely separated. Also, ongoing work, involving mounting the radar antennas on moving platforms and the examination of ionospheric signal contamination, has the potential of increasing coverage at a reduced cost while improving the robustness of extraction algorithms. Currently, the HFSWR research is being augmented by the development of improved techniques for measuring ocean surface currents, winds and waves with X-band radar. At X-band, the surface wave component is not significant and the radar range is essentially limited to line-of-site. However, the data provided is of a much higher resolution than at HF and may be used to provide fine-scale features (on the order of square metres) of the ocean surface in regions where HF systems typically provide averages over several square kilometres. In the case, of HFSWR, due to support from NSERC and other interested parties, Canada has become a world leader in both theoretical and applied aspects of radar remote sensing. Over the last three decades, the MUN work has added significantly to the body of knowledge in this field, while leading to the export of the technology internationally. In collaboration with government, industry and the scientific community, there is very good potential to extend the remote sensing capabilities of these systems as well as to support the newer initiatives involving marine radar. It is expected that the work undertaken under the umbrella of this proposal will continue to attract interest from the scientific and industrial communities as well as those involved in maritime security.

在过去的 40 年里，各种雷达在新型海洋遥感应用中变得非常重要。在这种情况下，工作在 3 至 30 MHz 频段（波长为 10 至 100 米）的高频表面波雷达（HFSWR）已得到成功应用，最近，频率范围为约 8 至 12 GHz（波长为约 4 至 10 厘米）的 X 波段航海雷达也得到了类似使用。 对于高频信号，海洋表面充当良导体，传输的辐射远远超出视线地平线，从海浪和海面和海面附近的物体（例如船舶、冰和冰山以及低空飞行的飞机）散射。自 20 世纪 80 年代初以来，纪念大学 (MUN) 的研究人员在 NSERC、海上石油行业和各个政府机构的支持下，一直在解决与模拟这种多方面散射过程相关的挑战。这些模型的持续发展对于增强用于从接收信号中提取信息（例如波高、表面电流和目标速度）的技术至关重要。 自 2000 年以来，雷达团队不断将其分析从单基地情况（发射机和接收机共置）扩展到双基地模式，其中雷达发射机和接收机可能相距较远。此外，正在进行的工作，包括在移动平台上安装雷达天线以及检查电离层信号污染，有可能以降低的成本增加覆盖范围，同时提高提取算法的稳健性。 目前，通过开发利用 X 波段雷达测量海洋表面流、风和波浪的改进技术，HFSWR 研究正在得到加强。在 X 波段，表面波分量并不显着，雷达范围基本上仅限于现场。然而，所提供的数据的分辨率比高频高得多，并且可用于提供高频系统通常提供几平方公里平均值的区域的海洋表面的精细尺度特征（平方米数量级）。 就HFSWR而言，由于NSERC和其他相关方的支持，加拿大在雷达遥感的理论和应用方面已成为世界领先者。在过去的三十年中，模拟联合国的工作极大地丰富了该领域的知识体系，同时带动了该技术的国际出口。通过与政府、工业界和科学界的合作，扩展这些系统的遥感能力以及支持涉及海洋雷达的新举措具有很大的潜力。预计在该提案范围内开展的工作将继续引起科学界、工业界以及海事安全领域人士的兴趣。