Radio Wave Scattering from Rough Surfaces -- Theory and Application to Maritime Remote Sensing with HF and other Radar Technologies

粗糙表面的无线电波散射——高频和其他雷达技术海上遥感的理论与应用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-05003
• 负责人: Gill, Eric
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=740339
• 关键词: Radio; Wave; Scattering; Rough; Surfaces

For almost 50 years, radars of various kinds have become important in novel ocean remote sensing applications. The applicant's research team members have been leaders in investigating high frequency surface wave radars (HFSWRs) (wavelengths of 10 to 100 metres (m)), and, more recently, X-band nautical radars (of 4 to 10 centimetre wavelengths).   In addition, radars operating in the upper very high frequency (VHF) (1-m waves) to lower ultrahigh frequency (UHF) (1.6-m waves) bands have been used to study the properties of sea ice. Very recently, the team has begun to include satellite and airborne synthetic aperture radars (SAR), with typical operating wavelengths around 24, 6 and 3 centimetres (L-, C- and X-band), in their arsenal of remote sensing instrumentation for measuring sea state, weather conditions, and ground cover and wetlands properties. HFSWR resolution is much lower than that of the higher-frequency radars, but HFSWR signals can be used to detect ocean conditions and objects such as ships, ice and icebergs, and low-flying aircraft, on and near the surface, well beyond the line-of-sight horizon. Under the proposed research program enhancements to fundamental electromagnetic scattering theory and algorithms will lead to the ability to extract maritime target and environmental information (eg., wave heights, surface currents, wind velocities), from the radar signals when sea states are very high.  Better characterization of ionospheric signal contamination and improved HFSWR operation from ocean platforms will also ensue. The results will be important to oceanographers and search and rescue operators, and will enhance safety in commercial ventures such as the offshore oil and gas industry. The lower-resolution of HFSWR will be augmented by improved image processing techniques for the much-higher-resolution, howbeit line-of-site, X-band radars.  Algorithm development involving deep learning for SAR applications will also enhance the overall capacity for observation of wetlands and coastal waters. In addition to the above initiatives, investigations will continue on using VHF-UHF frequencies to determine the properties of sea ice and ice ridges, an increasingly important topic as commercial and territorial interests become focused on the Canadian Arctic. NSERC has been crucial in supporting Canada as a world leader in both theoretical and applied aspects of radar remote sensing, while leading to the export of the technology internationally. The proposed work will continue to attract scientific, commercial and maritime security interests. Perhaps most-importantly, the essential analytical, computing and critical thinking skills developed by the training of highly qualified personnel under the proposed program will be vital in bolstering Canada's capacity, not only in maritime applications, but also in many industrial settings (eg. the automotive and natural resource sectors), where such skills are becoming increasingly important.

近50年来，各种雷达在新型海洋遥感应用中变得重要。申请人的研究小组成员一直是研究高频表面波雷达（波长10至100米）以及最近研究X波段航海雷达（波长4至10厘米）的领导者。 此外，在甚高频（1-m波）至超高频（1.6-m波）波段工作的雷达也被用来研究海冰的特性。最近，该小组已开始将典型工作波长约为24、6和3厘米（L-、C-和X-波段）的卫星和机载合成孔径雷达纳入其遥感仪器库，用于测量海洋状况、天气状况以及地面覆盖和湿地特性。高频地波雷达的分辨率比高频雷达低得多，但高频地波雷达信号可用于探测海洋状况和物体，如船只、冰和冰山，以及在海面上和海面附近的低空飞行的飞机，远远超出视线范围。根据拟议的研究计划，对基本电磁散射理论和算法的增强将导致提取海上目标和环境信息的能力（例如，在海况非常高的情况下，从雷达信号中提取（波高、表面电流、风速）。还将更好地描述电离层信号污染的特征，并改进海洋平台的高频地波雷达操作。这些结果对海洋学家和搜救人员来说非常重要，并将提高海上石油和天然气工业等商业企业的安全性。HFSWR的低分辨率将通过改进图像处理技术来增强，以用于分辨率高得多的X波段雷达，然而，X波段雷达的分辨率很高。算法开发涉及SAR应用的深度学习，也将提高湿地和沿海沃茨的整体观测能力。除上述举措外，还将继续研究如何使用甚高频-超高频频率确定海冰和冰脊的特性，这是一个日益重要的问题，因为加拿大的北极地区正成为商业和领土利益的焦点。NSERC在支持加拿大成为雷达遥感理论和应用方面的世界领导者方面发挥了关键作用，同时导致了该技术的国际出口。拟议的工作将继续吸引科学、商业和海事安全方面的兴趣。也许最重要的是，根据拟议的计划，通过培训高素质人员开发的基本分析，计算和批判性思维技能将对加强加拿大的能力至关重要，不仅在海事应用中，而且在许多工业环境中（例如，工业）。汽车和自然资源部门），这些技能在这些部门变得越来越重要。