Inertial cues, landmarks, and geometrical cues in spatial memory and navigation

空间记忆和导航中的惯性线索、地标和几何线索

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-06440
• 负责人: Mou, Weimin
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=614151
• 关键词: Inertial; cues; landmarks; geometrical; spatial

The general objective of my research program has been to increase our understanding of how people represent spatial information in memory and how people use spatial memory for navigation. I propose four lines of research to investigate (1) whether a boundary (e.g. a wall) is superior to a single landmark (e.g. a tree) in encoding spatial relations between locations, (2) how people use landmarks and geometrical information to reorient in a city, (3) whether the inertial cues (body movement signals) and the visual cues during locomotion contribute to spatial representations of a route, and (4) whether and when visual information can reset the path integration system. It is theorized that a boundary rather than a landmark is important to encode locations forming cognitive maps. In the proposed research, I will investigate whether people represent interobject spatial relations better when they learn each object with the presence of a boundary than when they learn each object with the presence of a landmark. Many studies have examined how people use landmarks and geometrical information to reorient in a room. My previous work showed that reorientation relative to a room might be different from reorientation relative to a large scale environment. In the proposed research, I will investigate whether a landmark and a street configuration will compete and integrate in encoding locations of objects. It has been hypothesized that both inertial cues (body movement signals) and visual cues contribute to a multi-modal spatial representations. I will test an alternative hypothesis that the inertial cues might not directly contribute to spatial representations because inertial cues are calibrated by the visual cues but not vice versa. In the proposed research, I will investigate whether the recalibration between visual cues and inertial cues will affect spatial representations that are learned with the presence of visual cues or inertial cues only. In the literature, there is no human study systematically investigating whether and when visual information can reset the path integration system. In the proposed research, participants need to walk another leg after they see displaced landmarks. If their estimated position is determined by the displaced landmark, it would support that the visual information can reset the path integration system. The proposed research should significantly advance our understanding of how people use different types of available information including inertial cues due to body movement, visual landmarks, and environment geometries (boundaries) to organize their spatial memory and to navigate in spaces. Contemporary theories of human spatial memory and navigation will be tested, contrasted, and modified. The proposed research also has applications in designs of human navigation systems, educations, and urban planning.

我的研究计划的总体目标是增加我们对人们如何在记忆中表示空间信息以及人们如何使用空间记忆进行导航的理解。我提出了四条研究路线来调查(1)在编码位置之间的空间关系方面，边界(例如墙)是否优于单一地标(例如树)，(2)人们如何使用地标和几何信息来重新定位城市，(3)运动过程中的惯性线索(身体运动信号)和视觉线索是否有助于路线的空间表示，以及(4)可视信息是否以及何时可以重置路径整合系统。 理论上认为，在形成认知地图的过程中，编码位置的重要因素是边界而不是地标。在拟议的研究中，我将调查人们在存在边界的情况下学习每个对象时，是否比在存在地标的情况下学习每个对象时更好地表示对象之间的空间关系。 许多研究调查了人们如何使用地标和几何信息在房间里重新定位。我之前的工作表明，相对于房间的重新定位可能与相对于大范围环境的重新定位不同。在拟议的研究中，我将调查地标和街道配置是否会在编码对象的位置方面进行竞争和整合。 已有假设认为，惯性线索(身体运动和信号)和视觉线索都有助于多通道的空间表征。我将测试另一种假设，即惯性线索可能不会直接影响空间表征，因为惯性线索是通过视觉线索来校准的，反之亦然。在拟议的研究中，我还将调查视觉线索和惯性线索之间的重新校准是否会影响仅在视觉线索或惯性线索存在的情况下学习的空间表征。 在文献中，没有系统地研究视觉信息是否以及何时可以重置路径整合系统的人体研究。在这项拟议的研究中，参与者在看到被取代的地标后，需要再走一条腿。如果他们的估计位置是由被取代的地标确定的，这将支持视觉信息可以重置整合系统的路径。 拟议的研究应该会极大地促进我们对人们如何使用不同类型的可用信息的理解，这些信息包括身体运动、视觉地标和环境几何图形(边界)的惯性提示，以组织他们的空间记忆和在空间中导航。当代关于人类空间记忆和导航的理论将受到考验、对比和修改。这项拟议的研究在人类导航系统、教育和城市规划的设计中也有应用。