The Dynamic Processes Underlying Decision Making Under Time-Pressure

时间压力下决策的动态过程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-06583
• 负责人: Neyedli, Heather
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=614234
• 关键词: Dynamic; Processes; Underlying; Decision; Making

Every day we encounter situations where we must rapidly decide on a course of action. For instance, we may need to quickly reach to turn off pot that is boiling over on the stove without burning ourselves or detect and then react to avoid possible road dangers while driving. Overall, we need to select and perform actions that achieve our goals and avoid negative outcomes. To do this, we must first attend to the appropriate information in the environment to gain the necessary information to make a decision. Once we have gained the information we then have to weigh the information appropriately when selecting and planning actions. The long-term goal of the proposed research is to understand these processes that influence rapid visuomotor decision-making. To achieve this goal, the proposed research will use reaching movements to assess the influence of positive and negative consequences embedded the environment on our behaviour. Statistical decision theory can be used to calculate what would be the optimal course of action and then participants’ behaviour can be compared optimal behaviour. A number of questions will be answered including whether we attend to positive and negatively associated stimuli similarly and how experience and training with rapid decision making affects whether we make optimal decisions. The proposed research will also determine if there are individual differences in how we make decisions. Therefore, the proposal will explore both the contextual and personal factors that affect visuomotor decision making. This research will advance theoretical work in decision making by providing a better understanding of the processes that contribute to rapid decision making. In the long term, these findings can be applied in real-world settings where rapid, optimal decision making is critical such as in aviation, road safety and combat decision making.

我们每天都会遇到必须迅速决定行动方针的情况。例如，我们可能需要迅速达到关闭锅是沸腾的炉子上没有烧伤自己或检测，然后作出反应，以避免可能的道路危险，而驾驶。总的来说，我们需要选择和执行实现目标的行动，避免负面结果。要做到这一点，我们必须首先关注环境中的适当信息，以获得做出决策所需的信息。一旦我们获得了信息，我们就必须在选择和计划行动时适当地权衡这些信息。这项研究的长期目标是了解这些影响快速视觉决策的过程。 为了实现这一目标，拟议中的研究将使用伸展运动来评估环境对我们行为的积极和消极影响。统计决策理论可以用来计算什么是最佳的行动方案，然后可以将参与者的行为与最佳行为进行比较。一些问题将得到回答，包括我们是否同样地关注积极和消极的相关刺激，以及快速决策的经验和培训如何影响我们是否做出最佳决策。这项拟议中的研究还将确定我们如何做出决定是否存在个体差异。因此，该提案将探讨影响视觉决策的背景和个人因素。 这项研究将通过更好地理解有助于快速决策的过程来推进决策的理论工作。从长远来看，这些发现可以应用于现实世界中快速，最佳决策至关重要的环境，如航空，道路安全和战斗决策。