Family processes underlying adolescent substance use and conduct problems: disentangling correlation and causation

青少年物质使用和行为问题背后的家庭过程：理清相关性和因果关系

• 批准号: 10427677
• 负责人: William Ellerbe Pelham III
• 金额: $ 19.26万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10427677
• 关键词: 10 year old; Acute; Adolescence; Adolescent; Age; Attention; Brain; Child Rearing; Chronic; Cognitive; Conflict (Psychology); Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Collection; Development; Dizygotic Twins; Dose; Environment; Etiology; Exposure to; Family; Family Process; Genes; Genetic; Incidence; Intervention; Knowledge; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Meta-Analysis; Modeling; Monozygotic twins; Outcome; Parents; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Predisposition; Prevention; Prevention program; Preventive; Problem behavior; Process; Psychopathology; Publishing; Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Science; Severities; Siblings; Site; Societies; Socioeconomic Status; Structural Models; Substance abuse problem; Time; Twin Multiple Birth; Variant; Youth; adolescent substance abuse; adolescent substance use; base; cohort; conduct problem; design; effective intervention; improved; innovation; intervention effect; offspring; parental monitoring; population based; precision medicine; prevent; programs; prospective; protective factors; racial and ethnic; recruit; response; sex; substance use; treatment program

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT During adolescence, substance abuse and conduct problems are co-occurring and mutually reinforcing problems with significant acute and long-term burden to adolescents, their families, and society. Family-based treatments and prevention programs can reduce their incidence, but these interventions are limited in the size, duration, and scope of effects and can be cumbersome to implement. One factor limiting the refinement of these existing interventions is the difficulty of conducting rigorous science about the specific causal effects of the family factors that are targeted as mechanisms of change. Factors such as parental monitoring, parental warmth, and family conflict covary with each other as well as many other variables (e.g., genes, socioeconomic status, living environment, parent psychopathology), so it is difficult to isolate their unique impacts on adolescent outcomes from the larger causal network of risk factors. This proposal pursues a causally grounded, mechanistic approach to disentangle the impacts of family processes and characterize how they vary by the severity, chronicity, and developmental timing of exposure at the population level. We draw data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) Study—a diverse, longitudinal, nationwide, population-based cohort of 11,880 youth ages 9/10 years old followed prospectively until ages 19-20, with simultaneous measurement of many intercorrelated aspects of development at biannual assessments throughout. We will attempt to isolate the effects of parental monitoring, parental warmth, and family conflict from other influences using three distinct, and complementary approaches: (A) a between-subjects approach using marginal structural models; (B) a within-subjects approach using the fixed effects panel estimator; (C) a twin/sibling discordancy approach using 336+ pairs of monozygotic twins, 430+ pairs of dizygotic twins, and 1,805 non-twin siblings. We pursue four specific aims. Aim 1: Determine the causal impacts of three family processes—parental monitoring, parental warmth, and family conflict—on proximal adolescent substance abuse and conduct problems between ages 11 to 18 years. Aim 2: Determine whether the effects of the family processes vary by youth sex, racial/ethnic identification, or predisposition to substance abuse and conduct problems. Aim 3: Determine whether the effects of three family processes vary by severity, chronicity, or developmental timing of exposure. Altogether, this research will yield a more scientifically accurate developmental psychopathology of adolescent substance abuse and delinquency and thereby inform the design, refinement, and personalization of family-based interventions to reduce the incidence of these problems at the population level.

项目概要/摘要 在青春期，药物滥用和品行问题是同时发生且相辅相成的 给青少年及其家庭和社会带来重大、严重和长期负担的问题。以家庭为基础 治疗和预防计划可以减少其发生率，但这些干预措施的规模有限， 持续时间和影响范围，并且实施起来可能很麻烦。限制精细化的因素之一 这些现有的干预措施难以对具体因果影响进行严格的科学研究 作为变革机制的家庭因素。家长监护、家长监护等因素 温暖和家庭冲突以及许多其他变量（例如基因、社会经济因素）相互影响。 状况、生活环境、父母的精神病理学），因此很难分离出它们对 更大的风险因素因果网络中的青少年结果。该提案追求因果关系 扎根的、机械的方法来理清家庭过程的影响并描述它们如何 因人群水平上暴露的严重程度、长期性和发育时间而异。我们绘制数据 来自青少年大脑和认知发展 SM (ABCD) 研究——一项多元化、纵向、全国性的、 基于人群的 11,880 名 9/10 岁青少年队列前瞻性随访至 19-20 岁，其中 在一年两次的评估中同时衡量发展的许多相互关联的方面 自始至终。我们将尝试隔离父母监督、父母温暖和家庭冲突的影响 使用三种不同且互补的方法来免受其他影响：（A）主体间方法 使用边际结构模型； (B) 使用固定效应面板估计器的受试者内方法； （三） 使用 336 多对同卵双胞胎、430 多对异卵双胞胎的双胞胎/兄弟姐妹不一致方法，以及 1,805 个非双胞胎兄弟姐妹。我们追求四个具体目标。目标 1：确定三个家庭的因果影响 过程——父母的监督、父母的温暖和家庭冲突——对青少年近期物质的影响 11 至 18 岁之间的虐待和行为问题。目标2：确定家庭的影响 过程因青年性别、种族/民族认同或药物滥用倾向和行为而异 问题。目标 3：确定三个家庭过程的影响是否因严重程度、长期性或 暴露的发育时间。总而言之，这项研究将产生更科学准确的结果 青少年药物滥用和犯罪的发展精神病理学，从而为 设计、完善和个性化以家庭为基础的干预措施，以减少这些事件的发生 人口层面的问题。