Fundamental symmetry tests with the francium laser trap facility at ISAC

自然的基本力量是可以在ISAC研究的令人着迷的学科之一，ISAC是加拿大在TRIUMF的放射性束设施。特别是，导致原子核β衰变的弱力，在呈现宇称非守恒现象方面是独一无二的：在自然界中，没有观察到由弱力中介的物理过程的镜像。ISAC为研究Fr中的原子宇称非守恒提供了独特的可能性，Fr是一种将非常重的核(Z=87)与简单的、基本上类似氢的碱的价态结构结合在一起的元素。在元素周期表的前103种元素中，FR核是最不稳定的，寿命最长的同位素只在23分钟内衰变。为了最好地利用微小的样品，用激光减慢Fr原子的速度，并将其捕获到磁光激光陷阱中，悬浮在自由空间中，温度比室温低数百万倍。与来自美国和墨西哥的研究人员，包括3名博士后，1名博士后和几名本科生，我们在ISAC建立了一个乳香捕获设施，并用捕获的Fr原子进行了第一次测量，关于一系列同位素中原子核内的磁化分布。在下一步，我们现在正在建立实验，使用精确的激光和微波光谱学来最终研究法郎中的原子宇称非守恒。这项微波实验将测量原子核内的宇称不守恒效应，称为极点矩。到目前为止，只对铯和铊的两种单一同位素进行了测量，更多的数据对于更好地理解核物质中的强子宇称非守恒至关重要。激光实验将通过测量原子核自旋独立的原子宇称非守恒，在粒子物理的标准模型之外寻找“新”物理--到目前为止，这一模型非常成功。

The fundamental forces of nature are one of the fascinating subjects that can be studied at ISAC, Canada's radioactive beam facility at TRIUMF. In particular, the weak force, causing the beta-decay of nuclei, is unique in exhibiting the phenomenon of parity non-conservation: The mirror images of physical processes mediated by the weak force are not observed in nature. ISAC offers a unique possibility to study atomic parity non-conservation in francium (Fr), an element combining a very heavy nucleus (Z=87) with the simple, essentially hydrogenlike, valence structure of an alkali. Fr nuclei are the least stable among the first 103 elements in the periodic table, the longest-lived isotope decays in only 23 minutes. To make optimum use of the minute sample, the Fr atoms are slowed down with laser light and captured into a magneto-optic laser trap, suspended in free space at temperatures millions of times colder than room temperature. Together with researchers from the United States and Mexico, including 3 PhD students, one postdoctoral fellow, and several undergraduate research students, we have established a francium trapping facility at ISAC and have carried out first measurements with trapped Fr atoms, concerning the distribution of magnetization inside the nucleus in a string of isotopes. In a next step, we are now setting up experiments using precise laser and microwave spectroscopy to ultimately study atomic parity non-conservation in francium. The microwave experiment will measure a parity non-conserving effect inside the nucleus known as the anapole moment. To date, only measurements in two single isotopes of cesium and thallium have been performed, and more data is crucial for a better understanding of hadronic parity non-conservation in nuclear matter. The laser experiment will search for 'new' physics outside the - so far very successful - Standard Model of particle physics by measuring nuclear-spin independent atomic parity non-conservation in francium.