Ecological factors regulating chemical bioaccumulation and fish consumption advisories

调节化学生物累积的生态因素和鱼类消费建议

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04470
• 负责人: Drouillard, Ken
• 金额: $ 3.21万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=615081
• 关键词: Ecological; factors; regulating; chemical; bioaccumulation

Fish consumption advisories place economic constraints on fishing activities and generate a high degree of public concern about environmental health risks and sustainability of aquatic resources. Methyl-mercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are responsible for most of the fish consumption advice issued in North America even though both contaminants have been subject to bans in their production (PCBs) or major restrictions in commercial uses and loadings to the environment. These pollutants exhibit differences in their physical properties, environmental fate and mechanisms of bioaccumulation yet have a common property of undergoing food web biomagnification and generate among the highest trophic magnification factors (TMFs) observed for any environmental contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Yet, even at the scale of ecosystems, MeHg and PCBs show differences in their behavior when present in the same environment suggesting that each chemical responds to common sets of ecological processes in different ways. MeHg and PCBs have each been used as fish bioenergetic tracers but have never been attempted to be co-interpreted as independent ecological tracers. In this proposal I will generate and calibrate a common bioaccumulation model that can be applied to MeHg and PCBs to predict how each tracer responds to sets of ecosystem stressors. Studies in Research Theme 1 will focus on uncovering differences in chemical toxicokinetics in fish under combinations of diet and temperature treatments to predict how each tracer will respond to alterations in food web structure and environmental conditions. The second research theme will focus on changes in specific growth rates of fish and how changes in compartment size of protein and lipid pools regulate chemical concentrations and generate individual variation in bioaccumulated residues. The third theme will integrate results of theme 1 and 2 to develop and validate a stochastic, non-steady state food web bioaccumulation model applicable to MeHg and PCBs. The model will be used to forecast fish consumption advisories in the Great Lakes food webs under hypothetical sets of environmental stressors. The proposed research will train 10 HQP at the undergraduate and graduate levels exposing them to experimental approaches using laboratory and mesocosm experiments, field sampling, advanced analytical chemistry and environmental modelling techniques, all skills that are in strong demand in government and industry.

鱼类消费建议对捕捞活动施加经济限制，并引起公众对环境健康风险和水产资源可持续性的高度关注。甲基汞和多氯联苯是北美发布的大部分鱼类消费建议的来源，尽管这两种污染物已被禁止生产(多氯联苯)或在商业用途和环境负荷方面受到重大限制。这些污染物表现出不同的物理性质、环境命运和生物积累机制，但具有共同的特性，即经历食物网生物放大，并产生水生态系统中任何环境污染物的最高营养放大系数(TMF)。然而，即使在生态系统的规模上，当甲基汞和多氯联苯存在于同一环境中时，它们的行为也表现出不同，这表明每种化学物质以不同的方式对共同的生态过程做出反应。甲基汞和多氯联苯都被用作鱼类生物能量示踪剂，但从未试图被共同解释为独立的生态示踪剂。在这项提案中，我将生成和校准一个可应用于甲基汞和多氯联苯的通用生物累积模型，以预测每个示踪剂如何对生态系统应激源做出反应。研究主题1的研究将集中于揭示在饮食和温度处理组合下鱼体内化学毒物动力学的差异，以预测每种示踪剂将如何对食物网结构和环境条件的变化做出反应。第二个研究主题将侧重于鱼类特定生长率的变化，以及蛋白质和脂类池隔间大小的变化如何调节化学浓度并在生物累积残留物中产生个体差异。第三个主题将整合主题1和主题2的结果，以开发和验证适用于甲基汞和多氯联苯的随机、非稳态食物网生物积累模型。该模型将被用来预测五大湖食物网在假设的环境压力下的鱼类消费建议。这项拟议的研究将培训10名本科生和研究生，使他们接触到使用实验室和中观实验、实地采样、高级分析化学和环境建模技术的实验方法，所有这些技能在政府和工业中都有强烈的需求。