The impact of pharmacological and psychological factors on measures of nicotine and tobacco reinforcement and related neural responses.

药理和心理因素对尼古丁和烟草强化及相关神经反应测量的影响。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05292
• 负责人: Barrett, Sean
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=615608
• 关键词: impact; pharmacological; psychological; factors; measures

Most laboratory-based studies of drug-related reinforcement in humans tend to focus on examining the pharmacological effects of single substances or, in some cases, of their individual constituents (e.g., nicotine rather than tobacco). However, because a number of pharmacological and psychological factors can impact drug responses in humans, it is often unclear from experiments to what extent an observed drug effect can be directly attributed to the pharmacological properties of the drug. For example, indices of nicotine-related reinforcement might be influenced by the presence or absence of other psychoactive constituents found in tobacco, the route by which it is taken, its rate of delivery, and by psychological processes such as the belief that one has ingested nicotine. Because each of these factors might impact various measures of reinforcement either independently or in combination with each other, there is currently little unequivocal evidence that any given effect can be attributed to a single factor. My program of research aims to determine how various pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors impact experimental indices of drug reinforcement, using nicotine and tobacco related effects as a model, as well as to determine the extent to which these different factors involve separable underlying neural processes. In order to do so, I plan to manipulate the nicotine contents and nicotine content expectations of various products (e.g. cigarettes, vaporizers, lozenges) in a series of experiments that will assess different indices drug-related reinforcement. In addition, following the identification of specific pharmacological and psychological factors that impact the different reinforcement measures, I plan to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the neural processes involved in those effects.

大多数基于实验室的人类药物相关强化研究往往集中在检查单一物质的药理学作用，或者在某些情况下，其单个成分（例如，尼古丁而不是烟草）。然而，由于许多药理学和心理学因素可以影响人类的药物反应，因此从实验中通常不清楚观察到的药物作用在多大程度上可以直接归因于药物的药理学性质。例如，尼古丁相关强化的指数可能受到烟草中是否存在其他精神活性成分、服用途径、传递速度以及心理过程（如相信自己摄入了尼古丁）的影响。由于这些因素中的每一个都可能独立地或相互结合地影响各种强化措施，因此目前几乎没有明确的证据表明任何给定的效果可以归因于单一因素。我的研究计划旨在确定各种药理学和非药理学因素如何影响药物强化的实验指标，使用尼古丁和烟草相关效应作为模型，以及确定这些不同因素涉及可分离的潜在神经过程的程度。为了做到这一点，我计划在一系列实验中操纵各种产品（例如香烟、雾化器、锭剂）的尼古丁含量和尼古丁含量预期，这些实验将评估不同的药物相关强化指数。此外，在确定了影响不同强化措施的特定药理学和心理学因素之后，我计划使用功能性磁共振成像来确定参与这些影响的神经过程。